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Endocrinology > Awesome Review > Flashcards

Awesome Review Flashcards

1
Q

3 ways to Diagnose Diabetes Mellitus

A
  1. Random plasma glucose > 200
  2. Fasting plasma glucose > 126
  3. HbA1c > 6.5 %
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2
Q

Which antibodies do you check to confirm

Autoimmune mediated Type 1 DM

A

GAD 65

IA-2

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3
Q

Metabolic Syndrome, GO!

A 
Fasting Glucose > 100
Fasting TG > 150 
BP > 130/85 
Waist circumference: Female > 35 in and Males > 40 in
HDL: Females
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4
Q

Patient with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, what lab test do you order before switching from insulin to PO antiglycemic?

A

c- peptide

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5
Q

Diagnose and treat this:
Pituitary Lymphocytic infiltration causing pituitary insufficiency, headaches, MRI showing sellar mass with suprasellar extension, especially peripartum

A

Lymphocytic Hypophysitis

Steroids!

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6
Q

What is Sheehan Syndrome?

A

Postpartum pituitary infarction

Check for secondary cortisol deficiency

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7
Q

How to monitor secondary hypothyroidism?

A

Free T4

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8
Q

Name 2 Medications to treat Prolactinoma

A

Bromocriptine and Cabergoline

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9
Q

Most common type of cancer in elderly woman with long standing hypothyroidism

A

Primary Thyroid Lymphoma

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10
Q

How to treat PCOS if she doesn’t want babies?

A

Combined OCP or progestin secreting IUD

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11
Q

Why ask about fertility when initiating testosterone therapy?

A

May result in oligospermia and infertility

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12
Q

Which Sulfonylurea increases mortality in elderly and CAD patients

A

Glyburide

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13
Q

Metformin is contraindicated in which patients

A

If Cr >1.4, liver disease or symptomatic heart disease

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14
Q

How do SGLT2 inhibitors work?

A

Block reabsorption of glucose by the kidney
Pee out Glucose

Causing genital mycotic infections and ketoacidosis

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15
Q

Which oral antiglycemic is good for obese patients failing insulin therapy with high post prandial blood sugars and gaining weight on short acting insulin agents?

A

Amylin Analogues
Ex- Pramlinitide
Slows gastric emptying and decreases glucagon secretion

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16
Q

Which oral antiglycemics should be avoided in CHF NYHA II since it can cause edema, along with weight gain and Osteoporosis?

Also improves Insulin sensitivity

A

Thiazolidinediones or glitazone such as Pioglitazone/Actos

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17
Q

How do alpha Glucosidase inhibitors work? Example- Acarbose

A

Inhibit breakdown of carbohydrates and decrease absorption of glucose
therefore giving juice in hypoglycemics won’t work, need IV dextrose

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18
Q

What does UNTREATED iron deficiency, folate and B12 deficiency anemia do to HbA1c?

A

Falsely elevated due to decreased RBC turnover and decreased reticulocyte count

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19
Q

What does Hemolytic anemia or HIV do to HbA1c?

A

Falsely lower HbA1c due to increased RBC turnover and increased reticulocyte

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20
Q

How to treat Diabetic Neuropathy?

A

amitriptyline and Despriamine

In elderly patients- give pregabalin

21
Q 
How often to check the following 
1. HbA1c 
2. Microalbuminuria 
3. Lipid 
4 Optho exam
A
  1. Quarterly
  2. Semiannual
  3. Annual
  4. Annual
22
Q

Name 4 medications that block peripheral conversion of T4 to T3?

A

Propranolol
Glucocorticoids
PTU
Amiodarone

23
Q

Best test to follow for primary hypothyroidism treatment

Not central hypothyroidism

A

TSH

24
Q

Best test to follow for hyperthyroidism treatment

A

Total T3

25
Q

What does Graves’ disease show in Radioiodine uptake (RAIU)

A

More than 35% uptake DIFFUSE

Focal uptake is toxic nodule

26
Q

What does thyroiditis show in Radioiodine uptake (RAIU)?

Both exogenous and Amiodarone causes

A

Less than 5%

27
Q

Best test to follow for central hypothyroidism aka hypopituitary hypothyroidism

A

Free T4

28
Q

When to treat subclinical hypothyroidism?

A

Symptoms, TSH >6, osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease

29
Q

Thyroiditis shows what change in thyroglobulin

A

Increased thyroglobulin

30
Q

What is the Dx?

Tender thyroid, decreased RAI uptake

A

Sub Acute Thyroiditis

31
Q

Antibodies to differentiate Graves’ disease and thyroiditis

A

TSH receptor antibodies in Graves

Anti TPO in BOTH

32
Q

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is associated with which antibodies

A

TPO

Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies

33
Q

Which thyroid antibodies do you monitor in cancer surveillance?

A

Thyroglobulin Antibodies

34
Q

Your hypothyroid patient gets pregnant, what do you do to her dose?

A

Increase by 30-50% since requirement of thyroxine is increased in all trimesters
Target TSH

35
Q

Treat Vitamin D deficiency

What level of 25 HydroxyD3?

A

50,000 units weekly x 8 weeks
Then 1000-2000 units daily
Level

36
Q

What Vitamin D dose intake has fractures been found to be preventable?

A

800 units daily

37
Q

MEN 1

A

Pituitary
Parathyroid
Pancreas

38
Q

MEN 2 A

A

Medullary thyroid cancer
Pheochromocytoma
Parathyroid

39
Q

MEN 2 B

A

Medullary thyroid cancer
Pheochromocytoma
Mucosal neuroma

40
Q

What Vitamin D level is high in Sarcoidosis?

A

1,25 (OH)2 Vitamin D3

41
Q

What happens to PTH, Calcium and Phosphate in Vitamin D deficiency?

A

PTH is high
Calcium is low
Phosphate is low

42
Q

Which bisphosphonate has been shown to decrease mortality in patients with osteoporosis and fracture?

A

Zolendronate

43
Q

Treat a patient with osteoporosis and chronic kidney disease

A

Denosumab- RANKL inhibitor

44
Q

Medication to reverse ACE-I edema

A

Icanibant

45
Q

When to remove adrenal incidentaloma?

A

If > 6 cm
If functioning (4-6cm)
Or if size increases >1 cm in 1 year

46
Q

Treat hot flashes

A

Venlafaxine or Citalopram

47
Q

Treat PMS

A

Paroxetine
And
Chocolate 🍩🍷🍪

48
Q

Treat hypo active Sexual desire disorder

A

Filbanserin

Endocrinology (1 decks)

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