AVS 1113 Midterm Basic Anatomy

Question 1

Cranial

Answer 1

Towards the head

Question 2

Caudal

Answer 2

Toward the rear end

Question 3

Ventral

Answer 3

Relates to the underside of an animal (Chest and abdomen)

Question 4

Sternal

Answer 4

The Sternum

Question 5

What can be used interchangeably

Answer 5

Sternal and ventral

Question 6

Dorsal

Answer 6

Relates to the back of an animal

Question 7

Medial

Answer 7

Towards the Midline

Question 8

Midline

Answer 8

A medial line, especially the medial line or plane of the body divides the body into equal half

Question 9

Lateral

Answer 9

Toward the side (away from the midline)

Question 10

Recumbency

Answer 10

Lying down

Question 11

Proximal

Answer 11

Towards the torso

Question 12

Distal

Answer 12

Away from the torso

Question 13

What is Juglar vein

Answer 13

Neck

Question 14

What is the Cephalic Vein

Answer 14

Thoracic (front) Limbs

Question 15

What is Saphenous

Answer 15

Pelvic (back) Limbs

Question 16

What’s the difference between Thoracic vs pelvic limb

Answer 16

Thoracic is the front legs
Pelvic is the back legs

Question 17

Skeletal System (Axial Vs Appendicular)

Question 18

Axial

Answer 18

Bones found on the midline or attached to it (ribs skull vertebral column and sternum)

Question 19

Appendicular

Answer 19

Bones of the limbs (humerus femur)

Question 20

What does this system Include

Answer 20

All bones and joints of the body

Question 21

What is the function

Answer 21

-Support soft tissues of the body
-Protect vital organs (Heart)
- act as levers for muscle attachment
-store minerals
-produce blood cells

Question 22

Muscular System - Skeletal, Smooth, Cardiac

Question 23

Skeletal

Answer 23

voluntary (attached to bones to cause movement), ie biceps triceps hamstrings
- Function is it produces movement of entire body or parts

Question 24

Smooth

Answer 24

involuntary, ie arteries veins GIT reproductive system bladder
- Function is it maintains posture

Question 25

Cardiac

Answer 25

Involuntary, heart muscles
Function is it produces heat

Question 26

What does the Cardiovascular system include

Answer 26

Heart and blood vessels

Question 27

What is an Artery

Answer 27

Carry blood away from the heart
Function: heart pumps blood to all parts of the body

Question 28

What are veins

Answer 28

carry blood back to the heart, Deoxygenated
Function: heart made of 4 chambers right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle

Question 29

Nostrils

Answer 29

external opening for air to enter/exit

Question 30

Nasal cavity

Answer 30

warms, moistens, filters air

Question 31

Larynx

Answer 31

passageway, vocal folds, covers trachea when swallowing

Question 32

Trachea

Answer 32

passageway, connects larynx to lungs

Question 33

Lungs

Answer 33

gas exchange

Question 34

Mouth

Answer 34

chewing (mastication)

Question 35

Esophagus

Answer 35

moves food from mouth to stomach

Question 36

Stomach

Answer 36

mixes food with digestive enzymes

Question 37

Small intestines

Answer 37

digestion, absorption

Question 38

Large intestines

Answer 38

absorbs water

Question 39

Rectum/Anus

Answer 39

exit route for eliminations

Question 40

Ingestion (mouth)

Answer 40

taking in food, swallowing

Question 41

Digestion (stomach)

Answer 41

breaking down food via mechanical and digestive enzymes

Question 42

Peristalsis (intestines)

Answer 42

series of involuntary muscle contractions that move food

Question 43

Absorption (intestines)

Answer 43

absorption of nutrients, minerals, and water

Question 44

Defecation (rectum/large intestines)

Answer 44

pooping

Question 45

Herbivore

Answer 45

plats ex rabbit, cattle, horse, sheep, goat

Question 46

Carnivore

Answer 46

meat ex cat tiger +/- dog

Question 47

Omnivore

Answer 47

plant and meat-eating animal ex rats pigs humans dogs

Question 48

Integument system ( What does it include)

Answer 48

-skin

-coat/hair

-horns, claws, hooves, nails

Question 49

Integument system (What is its fuctions)

Answer 49

-protective barrier

-site for vitamin d synthesis  

-sense organ: touch pain temperature, itch, physical and chemical stimuli 

- contains many glands and nerve receptors: sweat glands, heat receptor, pressure receptor, melanocytes

Question 50

Urinary system (What does it Include)

Answer 50

-kidney

-Ureters

-Bladder

• Urethra

Question 51

What is the function of kidney

Answer 51

Filters blood and removes wastes

Question 52

Function of Ureters

Answer 52

Transports urine to bladder

Question 53

Function of Bladder

Answer 53

Collects/stores urine

Question 54

Urethra

Answer 54

transport urine from bladder for excretion (and semen in males)

Question 55

Compare and contrast the different repro. organs and its functions between male and female

Question 56

Males

Answer 56

Testicles: produces sperm, vas deferens (ductus deferens): connects testicles to urethra, accessory sex glands (prostate): produce semen (transport medium), penis: houses urethra organ used for copulation

Question 57

Female

Answer 57

Ovaries: produces hormones and ovum (egg), uterus: houses and nourishes embryo/fetus, vagina: birth canal, vulva: external genital organ

Question 58

What is CNS

Answer 58

Brain and spinal cord, function: controls most
Functions of the body and mind

Question 59

What is PNS

Answer 59

contains of all nerves (outside of brain/spinal cord)
Function: connects CNS to organs skin limbs, carries sensory and motor information to and from CNS