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AVS 101 > AVS 101 - Exam 1 > Flashcards

AVS 101 - Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Buck

A

Mature Male Goat

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2
Q

Doe

A

Mature Female goat

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3
Q

Kid

A

Offspring (goat)

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4
Q

Doeling

A

young female goat (unbred)

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5
Q

Buckling

A

young male goat

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6
Q

Wether

A

castrated male goat

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7
Q

Ram

A

mature male sheep

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8
Q

Ewe

A

mature female sheep

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9
Q

Lamb

A

young sheep (under 1 yrs old)

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10
Q

Bull

A

Intact Male cattle

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11
Q

Cow

A

Mature Female

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12
Q

Steer

A

Castrated male cattle

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13
Q

Heifer

A

Immature Female cattle (has not had a calf)

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14
Q

Calf

A

offspring (cattle)

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15
Q

Utilitarianism

A

an action concerning animals is right if and only if it produces the most overall happiness for all available action (happiness is the only consequence that matters)

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16
Q

Kantianism

A

the moral work or actions involving animals depends only on your intentions

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17
Q

Animal Rights

A

a philosophy of the standing of animals in relation to human society.
Some people who support this say that no animal use is right

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18
Q

Animal Welfare

A

concerned with the care and well being of animals while providing for human needs.

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19
Q

Genome

A

all of the genetic material in an organism

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20
Q

Allele

A

various forms of a given gene

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21
Q

An animal that has different alleles is ____________?

A

heterozygous (Aa)

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22
Q

An animal that has matching alleles at a given point on the chromosome (locus) is __________?

A

homozygous (AA)

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23
Q

Gene

A

the basic unit of inheritance

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24
Q

What does Scrapie do?

A

causes neurological disorders in sheep

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25
Q

What is the infective agent of Scrapie

A

prion

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26
Q

How does scrapie transmit?

A

“birth fluids”

27
Q

estrous cycle length for sheep (Ovis Aries)

A

17 days

28
Q

estrous cycle length for goat (Capra Hircus)

A

21 days

29
Q

estrous cycle beef cattle

A

21 days

30
Q

gestation period of sheep and goats

A

150 days

31
Q

gestation period of cattle

A

283 days

32
Q

normal body temp of sheep

A

100.9 -103.8 degrees F

33
Q

normal body temp of goat

A

101.3 - 103.5 degrees f

34
Q

normal body temp of cattle

A

101.5 degrees F. but there are fairly diverse ranges (98-102.4)

35
Q

3 largest importers of lamb

A
  1. china
  2. india
  3. australia
36
Q

1 for exports of sheep meat as well as wool production

A

australia

37
Q

Top states for sheep production

A

texas and california

38
Q

Majority of cattle feeding is done in relatively what few states (80%)

A

Texas
Kansas
Nebraska
Colorado

39
Q

products produced by sheep

A

dairy, meat, wool, fiber

40
Q

products produced by goat

A

dairy (milk, cheese), meat

41
Q

products produced by cattle

A

beef, dairy

42
Q

artificial selection

A

selective breeding where humans choose their reproductive lifestyle to benefit them

43
Q

natural selection

A

differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype

44
Q

Bloat

A

caused by excessive gas accumulation in the rumen

45
Q

list the 5 freedoms

A

Freedom from thirst, hunger, and malnutrition
Freedom from discomfort and exposure
Freedom from pain, injury, and disease
Freedom from fear and distress
Freedom to express natural behavior

46
Q

how can we use the 5 freedoms to improve animal care and management

A

if you make sure of the 5 freedoms, you can assure that the animal is meeting the requirements for animal welfare

47
Q

how can we measure stress in animals

A

cortisol, oxytocin, Heart rate variability, and psychological well being

48
Q

goats lactation period length

A

284 days
Peak lactation: 4-6 weeks after kidding

49
Q

T or F: goats and sheep are naturally short day breeders and come into heat during the fall.

A

true

50
Q

T or F: Cattle come into heat year round

A

true

51
Q

Know that there are breeds of sheep that are used for wool (merinos having the finest wool) while other breeds are hair sheep and CAN NOT be used for wool production.

A
52
Q

how can we tell the age of sheep

A

their teeth

53
Q

What breed of goat produces the most milk?

A

the Saanen

54
Q

Which breed of goat has the most protein and fat in its milk?

A

the nigerian dwarf

55
Q

What is the most popular breed of beef cattle in the US?

A

red angus

56
Q

what is the difference between Bos taurus and Bos indicus

A

bos indicus has a fatty hump on their shoulders, drooping ears and a large dewlap.
Bos Taurus are breeds that originated in Europe; Bos Indicus are breeds that originated from tropical countries, including Asia, Africa, and India.

57
Q

what types of operations make up the beef industry

A

seedstock production, commercial cow calf production, yearling or stocker operators, and feedlot operations

58
Q

what occurs during seedstock production

A

the goal is to produce breeding stock

59
Q

what occurs during commercial cow calf production

A

Produce calves that will be marketed
Sold to stocker or feed lot at weaning
6-10 months old
300-700 lbs
Goal: Produce the heaviest calves possible with the least cost

60
Q

what occurs during yearling or stocker operators

A

Grow calves to heavier weights on low-priced forage before the calves enter the feedlot
Purchase calves from cow - calf producers and grow them during specific season

61
Q

what occurs during feedlot operations

A

Finishing phase
600-850 lb cattle are finished to market weight + condition
May range from 900-1400 lbs at slaughter
Average time cattle spend in a feedlot → approx 6 months

62
Q

what management practices are important for disease prevention in beef cattle

A

adequate nutrition, good sanitation, vaccination, and parasite control

63
Q

Scours

A

calf diarrhea caused by bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and other noninfectious causes

AVS 101 (1 decks)

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