avionics Flashcards
EADI
electronic attitude directior indicator
EHSI
electronic horizontal situation indicator
ECAM
electronic centralised aircraft management
electronic attitude directior indicator
provides attitude information of the aircraft for the pilot e.g. pitch and roll
electronic horizontal situation indicator
provides a relative horizontal position of the aircraft from radar
altimeter
provides the aircraft height above mean sea level
airspeed indicator
provides the current airspeed of the aircraft
side-stick
mechanism for the pilot to input manoeuvring commands
electronic centralised aircraft management
provides operation information about the aircraft
engine systems
are controlled and monitored using the panel
typical civil instruments
EADI, EHSI, ECAM, altimeter, airspeed indicator, side-stick, engine systems
typical military instruments
head up display, head up display control panel, multi-purpose display, altimeter, airspeed indicator, HOTAS, aircraft management
head up display
allows critical information about the aircraft’s operation to be displayed within the line of sight of the pilot
head up display control panel
used by the pilot to choose the data displayed on the head up display
multi-purpose display
used to display operational displays for the aircraft e.g. EADI, EHSI
HOTAS
hand on throttle and stick
hand on throttle and stick
the mechanism for the pilot to input manoeuvring commands and control the engine throttle
aircraft management
provides operational information about the aircraft
flight control systems provide
the main connection between the pilot and the aircraft
basic elements of flight control
flight control, actuator, aircraft, sensors
flight control
converts desired pilot commands from stick to actuator commands based on measured outputs from the senseos
actuator
mechanisms for moving control surfaces of vehicle
aircraft
inputs are the actuator movements needed to move vehicle
sensors
mechanisms used to measure vehicle motion outputs
6 basic motions that are controlled during flight
heading, roll, banking, pitch, altitude, propulsion
heading control
motion- heading angle
pilot input- pedals
actuator- rudder on tail
sensor- yaw gyroscope
roll control
motion- roll angle
pilot input- lateral stick
actuator- ailerons on wings
sensor- roll gyroscope
banging control
motion- roll and heading angle
pilot input- lateral stick
actuator- ailerons on wings
sensor- roll and heading gyros
pitch control
motion- pitch angles
pilot input- longitudinal stick
actuator- elevators on tail
sensor- pitch gyroscope
altitude control
motion- altitude control
pilot input- longitudinal stick and throttle
actuator- elevators on tail and engine
sensor- altimeter
propulsion control
motion- propulsion control
pilot input- throttle
actuator- engine
sensor- accelerometer
FADEC
full authority digital engine control
navigation systems
assist the pilot by providing position and orientation information relative to the ground
main navigation systems
air traffic control, instrument landing systems, navigation displays, global positioning systems
sections of ATC
ground and tower control, approach control, en-route control
control zones
area extending from ground level to 2000/3000ft
control classes
area extending from 2000/3000ft upwards
ATC
regulates air traffic through decision of segments and airspace
purpose of ILS
a beam based system for guiding aircraft towards touchdown
components of ILS
localiser beam and guide slope beam. resulting corridor is the operation guide path for reaching the runway safely.
2 beacons: outer and middle marker
localiser beam of ILS
represents the horizontal limits for the decent of the aircraft, transmitted from the end of the runway
guide slope beam of ILS
represents the vertical limits for the aircraft to follow to reach the runway, transmitted from the beginning of the runway
outer marker
positioned 6.5 miles from runway
middle marker
positioned 0.6 miles from runway
attitude director indicator
provides roll and pitch information and command suggestions for the pilot through the command bars
horizontal situation indicator
provides course information about the aircraft
beacon based navigation
uses electronic transmitting beacons to determine relative position and course of an aircraft
VOR beacon system
very high frequency omnidirectional range beacons system (common)
engine management system
ensures safe operation of the engine via the engine flight control system and monitors the fuel and air bleed from the engine
flight performance management system
manages the flight profile, selects flight routes and navigation beacons, ensures the flight procedures are adhered to and records flight data
utilities management system
monitors and controls fuel, hydraulics, environmental and electrical supplies, also regulates weight disteubution
health and usage management system
ensures all systems, sensors, and actuators are operating correctly, in case of a failure it warns the pilot and can provide assistance
weapons management system
ensures the carriage of weapons is safe for the pilot and surroundings and ensures the weapon release systems are operating correctly
communication systems
provide all radio links between the aircraft, other air users, and ground based systems
frequency bands
VLF, MF, HF, VHF, UHF
VLF
very low frequencies- 3 to 30kHz (submerged submarines)
MF
medium frequencies- 200 to 16000kHz (non directional navigation beacons)
HF
high frequencies- 2 to 30MHz (long range communications)
VHF
very high frequencies- 100 to 200MHz (air traffic control)
UHF
ultra high frequencies- 200 to 400MHz (military navigation)
