Avionics Flashcards
Describe the Integrated Avionics Processor Assembly (IAPS)?
the central avionics data processing and distribution system, which monitors and compares data and notifies the aircrew of potential discrepancies
Which avionics systems are connected to the IAPS?
Attitude Heading Reference Systems (AHRS), Electronic Flight Control System (EFIS), pitot static systems, Air Data Systems (ADS), Flight Management System (FMS), and Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS)
What sense’s the Earth’s magnetic field and provides raw data to the Attitude Heading Computer (ADC)?
Flux Detector Unit (FDU)
How long does the alignment sequence of the AHC take upon power-up?
70 seconds
What annunciator illuminates during the AHC initialization sequence?
AHRS ALIGNING DO NOT TAXI
When can the FDU’s be considered reliable?
Only reliable in level and unaccelerated flight conditions
What provides attitude and heading data to the EFIS?
AHRS
What does the EFIS consist of?
EADI (Electronic Attitude Director Indicator) and EHSI (Electronic Horizontal Situation Indicator)
DPU (Display Processor United)
DSP (Display Select Panel)
What provides power to the electronic flight displays?
Display Processor Unit
What provides inputs to the pilots Air Data System (ADS)?
The left pitot static system
What provides input to the copilots Air Data System?
The right pitot static system
Which pitot static system is connected to the standby altimeter, standby airspeed, and cabin pressure differential indicator?
The right side (copilot)
What does the ADS (Air Data System) consist of?
Air Data Computer (ADC), Mach Speed Indicator (MSI), altimeter, and Resolution Advisory/ Vertical Speed Indicator (RA/VSI)
What does the ADC get data from?
The ADC uses air pressure from the pitot static system and temperature from the Outside Air Temperature (OAT) probe to provide air data to the instruments
What provides data to the pilot’s instruments?
ADC #1
Does the ADC allow data to be displayed on both sets of instruments in the even one fails?
Yes, through reversion (IAPS)
What does the FMS allow the aircrew to do and how is it controlled?
The FMS provides the means for the aircrew to manage flight data including airfield data, SIDs, high & low enroute structure, STARs, IAPs, controlled through the Control Display Unit (CDU)
Which standby instrument requires electrical power from the standby bus to operate?
Attitude indicator
Where is the AOA computed by the pilot’s system displayed?
AOA indicator, speed deviation display on both EADIs, and AOA indexer
What is the difference between independent and integrated avionics systems?
Integrated avionics interface with each other, while independent avionics do not.
What are some independent avionics systems?
Standby instruments, AOA/Stall Warning, Flight Data Recorder
What drives each flight director system?
Flight Control Computer (FCC)
How can you disengage the autopilot?
AP lever, by manually trimming, or by pressing the AP DISENGAG button on the yoke
The avionics equipment Line Replaceable Units (LRUs) are located where?
in the avionics rack across from the latrine
The T-1A integrated avionics systems interface through what?
IAPS (Integrated Avionics Processor Assembly)
The IAPS provides what?
Central avionics data processing and diagnostic functions
The pitot static system provides input primarily to what?
ADS (Air Data System)
What systems receive input from the copilot’s pitot static system?
Standby altimeter, standby airspeed, cabin pressure differential, ADC #2/ADS # 2
Instrument panel components of the ADS are what?
altimeter, MSI, and RA/VSI
In the ADS, the _____ uses pitot static pressure and OAT to compute altitude, airspeed, and vertical speed.
ADC
The flux detector unit (FDU) is a component of the____?
AHRS
What action do you take if you see the “AHRS ALIGNING DO NOT TAXI” lights illuminated?
Do not taxi until both light extinguish
Instrument panel components of the EFIS are what?
EADI and EHSI
The AHRS provides input primarily to the ____?
EFIS
The EFIS displays are controlled through the___?
DSP (Display processor unit)
How many DPUs are in the EFIS?
Two: one each for the pilot and copilot’s EFIS
How are the EFDs and MFD turned on?
Place the left and right Radio Master switches to the on (L/R) position
The AOA gauge and indexer are inoperative if?
the pilot’s AOA system fails.
How does the stall warning system alert you to an impending stall?
The control column shakes
Which system stores data to help determine the cause of an aircraft accident for future mishap prevention?
FDRS (Flight Data Recording System)
Where does the AOA indicator, EADI speed deviation displays, and AOA indexer get data from?
Left AOA system (pilot’s side)
Where is the AOA indicator installed and what does it provide?
Pilots instrument panel, provides continuous display of AOA of the values between zero lift AOA (0) to maximum life AOA (1.0)
What position on the AOA indicator represent L/Dmax (max endurance)?
0.45
Where is the AOA indexer installed and what does it provide?
On top of the shroud panel and provides a three-color, three-symbol display of AOA deviation–correlates the difference between indicated AOA ad reference AOA
When the aircraft is on speed, what will the AOA indexer indicate?
Green donut
When the aircraft approach is slow, what will the AOA indexer indicate?
Green donut and red chevron on top
When the aircraft approach is very slow, what will the AOA indexer indicate?
Red Chevron on top only
When the aircraft approach speed is fast, what will the AOA indexer indicate?
Green donut and yellow chevron on bottom
When the aircraft approach speed is too high, what will the AOA indexer indicate?
Yellow chevron on bottom
How many audio control panels are installed on the T-1A?
4-pilot, copilot, jump, passenger
What switch enables you to hear the radio selected on the transmit selector switch even if that radio’s individual on/off/volume switch is not pulled out?
AUTO COMM
What does the audio mute normal/override switch on the audio panel control?
Allows you to enable (NORM) or disable (ORIDE) the audio mute function
What does the audio mute switch all you to do?
Silence all transmissions except for interphone
Where are the audio mute switches located?
One on each yoke and one on the observer’s panel
What does the voice-both-ident switch allow you to do?
allows you to select audio output from a NAVAID. VOICE position quits morse code identification code making ATIS clearer, IDENT position quiets voice transmission, BOTH position presents both voice and ident at same volume
What is displayed on the RTU main pages?
Pilots RTU: Active UHF, Preset UHF, VHF Navigation Frequency (VOR 1), ADF frequency, TACAN channel
Copilots RTU: Active VHF, Preset VHF, VHF nav (VOR 2), transponder code
How many UHF presets are there?
20
Which RTU contains presets?
The pilot’s RTU
What does pushing the “GND COMM PUSH” button located to the right of the copilot’s RTU enable?
Allows UHF, VHF, and interphone communication during ground operations with the radio masters off during engine start.
What switch allows the operating RTU to control the functions of an inoperative RTU (RTU switch to DSABL on reversion panel)
1/2 switch
How do you momentarily disable the squelch on VHF?
Push COMM SQ on #2 RTU
How do you ident your transponder?
ATC ID on #2 RTU or buttons on either yoke
What is the primary indication of an impending stall?
L or R stick shaker
What normally toggles the transponder?
ATB STBY on RTU #2
What allows you to talk with other crew members without using a mic switch on the audio panel?
INTPH switch
Which switch on the Audio Control Panel allows you to hear the primary (selected) communications radio without pulling out the associated on/off/volume switch?
AUTO COMM
Which switch on the audio panel allows you to hear audio without using a headset?
SPKR switch
Under normal operations, it is possible to assign frequencies to any of 20 channels using?
the pilot’s RTU
Under normal operations, the ATC transponder code is set using?
the copilots RTU or the CDU
Under normal operations, the ADF and TACAN are tuned using?
the pilot’s RTU or the CDU
Under normal operations pressing the 1/2 key on the RTU…?
simply shows the display from the other unit
The GND COMM PUSH button next to the copilot’s RTU allows what?
allows intercom and radio communication with the radio masters in the OFF position
Placing the RTU NORM/DSABL switch to DSABL does what?
disables a malfunctioning RTU
What button should you press to access the radio tuning pages on the CDU?
TUN
On the CDU radio tuning page, the AUTO setting for NAV1 or NAV2 MODE does what?
Automatically tunes nearby VOR/DME stations, used to assist in maintaining a valid present position, is cancelled if the NAV source is selected for display on the EHSI
What does the BRG knob control?
The bearing pointer source displayed on the EHSI
T or F. The BRG and CRS knobs are completely independent from each other.
True
What color is the bearing pointer on the EHSI?
always magenta
What does the CRS knob control?
determines the source for both course and DME
What color are the course arrow, CDI and DME on the EHSI?
Green (except when nav source is FMS (GPS)-white)
What color is the second course on the EHSI?
Always cyan double-dashed shaft
What does the NAV DTA button on the DSP do?
cycles through time-to-go, groundspeed, relative velocity (TACAN), relative wind speed which is displayed in the lower right corner of the EHSI
How many degree do the arc and map mode display on the EHSI?
70 degrees
What does the decision height knob on the dsp do?
sets the decision height on the radio altitude dislay in the lower right corner of the EADI
What altitudes does radio altitude appear?
Between 0 and 2500 feet AGL.
When does the DH display flash?
50 feet above the selected DH
What symbol does the head of the bearing pointer display when ADG is the source?
Closed cross
When is Mach displayed on the MSI?
Above 0.45 and below 0.99
What does the magenta arc on the IAS pointer mean?
Trend vector at the tip that extends to indicate the expected speed 10 seconds in the future if the current rate of acceleration is maintained.
What does pressing the TEMP button on the MSI do?
changes the temperature display between RAT, SAT, and deviation from ISA (international standard atmosphere)
When passing a PIREP to a weather station, which temperature should you read off?
SAT
The EFIS displays include what?
EADI, EHSI, and MFD
How is the bearing pointer source indicated on the EHSI?
the bearing pointer head changes to the NAVAID’s chart symbol, the bearing pointer is magenta for ground-based naiads (white for FMS), the selected bearing NAVAID is annunciated in the lower left corner under BRG
What bearing source is indicated when the magenta bearing pointer has a head shaped like a cross?
ADF
What bearing source is indicated when the white bearing pointer is shaped like an open cross?
FMS
Pressing the top of the HDG knob does what?
slews the heading bug to the current heading
How is the selected bearing pointer NAVAID indicated on the MFD in normal MAP mode?
The selected NAVAID for bearing is annunciated in the lower left corner
What is the proper CRS setting for an ILS/DME approach with an unpaired TACAN channel for DME?
TCN LOC
What is the proper CRS setting for an ILS/DME approach with paired DME LOC channel for DME?
VOR LOC
What is the proper procedure for displaying a secondary course?
Press 2nd CRS, PRESS CRS CTL, and then use the CRS select knob to set the desired course
With the VOR LOC set on the CRS knob and a localizer frequency tuned, when does “B/C” appear on the EHSI?
When the difference between the actual heading and selected course is greater than 105 degrees
Pressing the WX button on the DSP displays weather radar on the
EHSI in ARC or MAP format
In order to see EFIS displays such as heading and bearing on the MFD in normal MAP mode you must what?
select ON or VNAV under WINDOW on the MFD MENu page of the CDU
The reference speed on the MSI is turned on by?
pressing the top of the reference set knob, rotating the reference set knob, selected a speed mode on the AFCS
How does the ADS indicate an overspeed?
the digital IAS and MACH on the MSI flash red and a warning horn sounds
What does it mean if the preselect altitude flashes yellow?
once the preselect altitude is captured, if the altitude deviates more than 200 feet
What does the display indicate when the actual altitude is within 1000 feet of the preselect?
Display flashes and alert tone is activated
What AOA corresponds to max range?
0.2 in level flight
What AOA corresponds to L/D max?
~0.45
When does approach to stall warning begin when below 20,000 feet?
0.8
What does V/Vs on the left side of the AOA indicator represent?
The velocity to stall speed ratio
How many aircraft can the TCAS detect and track simultaneously?
30
What is the maximum surveillance range of the TCAS?
~14 NM
What is general traffic identified by on the TCAS?
open cyan diamond
What is close traffic identified by on the TCAS?
Closed cyan diamond
What is alert traffic identified by on the TCAS?
Closed yellow circle
What is resolution traffic identified by on the TCAS?
Closed red square
When does the trend arrow next to the icon appear?
Traffic is climbing/descending at more than 500 feet per minute
What audio advisory annunciates if nearby traffic that is not classified as a threat but has the potential to become a threat if conditions change sound like?
“TRAFFIC TRAFFIC” for a Traffic Advisory
What does a preventative resolution sound advisory indicate?
Do not change what you are doing ex “MONITOR VERTICAL SPEED, MONITOR VERTICAL SPEED”
How fast must the pilot react to RA guidance for it to be effective?
5 seconds (2.5 for an increase,decrease, or reversal)
Are pilots expected to follow RA guidance even if it deviates from an ATC clearence?
yes
When may you deviate from RA guidacne?
Safety of flight
What is the accuracy of bearing on traffic of the TCAS system?
+-10 degrees and +-45 degrees
T or F. GPWS and Stall warning alters take precedence and inhibit TCAs alerts.
True
When are all RA’s inhibited?
Below 1000 feet AGL
At what altitude are all TAs inhibited?
Below 500 feet AGL
When does the TCAS computer issue a TA?
20 seconds prior to an RA
When does the TCAS computer issue a RA?
15-35 seconds before reaching the closest point between the two aircraft
When the standby battery is exhausted, how long does the standby atittude indicator remain accurate?
(+-6 deg) for 9 minutes
When does the ELT automatically beg transmitting a tone on UHF/VHF guard?
5 G impact or greater
When are the AOA indexer lights on the shroud panel operational?
When the landing gear are down
Can the TCAS track aircraft without an operating transponder?
No
The RA aural alert CLIMB CLIMB NOW means what?
The initial DESCEND, DESCEN RA is reversed and you must now climb
You may get a TA but not an RA if what?
Below 1000’ AGL, TCAS mode is TA ONLY, the other aircraft is not Mode C or Mode S equipped
What normally provides airspeed, altitude, and vertical speed data to the GPWS?
ADS # 1
T or F. The standby magnetic compass is unreliable when the defog fans or high windshield heat are in use.
True
How is the clock’s elapsed flight time function reset?
by moving the Elapsed Time Switch to zero while pressing the FLIGHT TIME RESET button
What navigation information is available on the EADI?
Lateral deviation indicator and Vertical deviation indicator
What instrument displays Ram Air Temperature?
Mach Speed Indicator (MSI)
What is the solid cyan arrowhead with dual dashed shaft on the EHSI?
Secondary course data
What provides data to the AOA indicator and indexer?
Left stall warning computer (pilots side)
What happens if you push the 1/2 button with both RTUs in NORM?
Cross-side freqs are displayed but cannot be tuned with that RMU
What controls EHSI format (HSI, ARC, MAP)?
FORMAT switch on the DSO
Where can you look for the status of the WX radar?
Upper left corner of the MFD
What are the ELT Guard frequencies?
243.0 UHF and 121.5 VHF
What indicates valid self test of WX?
6 evenly displayed arcs on the MFD
What is the purpose of the gpws?
warn of potential ground impact situations
What displays FLY TO commands?
RA/VSI
A message displayed on an EFD in red usually indicates what?
Associated system has failed
A message displayed on an EFD in yellow usually indicates
associated system is in reversion (cross-side) or left and right associated systems disagree (comparator)
A message displayed on an EFD in white usually indicates
a noncritical system notification
With a dual RTU failure, which radio(s) can be tuned using the CDU?
VHF NAV 1
According to the procedure for dual RTU failure, pulling the VHF circuit breaker does what?
returns VHF Comm to 121.5
T or F. You are unable to change any radios other than VHF Nav 1 and VHF Comm in the event of a dual RTU failure?
True
What should you do if comm and or nav modes change frequencies without crew input?
Select RMT TUNE to disable ON THE REVERSION PANEL
With a complete DC electrical failure, approximately how long is the standby attitude indicator reliable after the aircraft battery is depleted (assume stby battery is fully charged and available at time of failure)?
39 minutes
How does the EHSI indicate an AHRS failure?
Red HDG annunciation
What radios can you tune if both RTUs fail?
VHF NAV #1, and VHF Comm/Guard (by pulling VHF CB)
What does a yellow, boxed HDG on both EHSIs mean?
They disagree with hdg presented (comparer)
What should the AOA be set to for t/o?
1.2
What should the AOA be set to for landing?
1.3
What provides data to the AOA indicator and AOA indexer?
Left stall warning computer (pilots side)
What provides ambient and ram air pressure to the standby altimeter and standby airspeed indicators?
The copilot’s pitot static system
With the RTU selector star on the preselect line, pressing any other LSK moves the star to the selected line for a maximum of how many seconds?
15 seconds
What will happen if you place the #1 RTU Disable switch to DSABL?
The pilot’s RTU display will go blank
What normally toggles the transponder between ON and STBY?
The ATC STBY function key on RTU #2
