Aviation knowledge Flashcards
4 Forces acting on an airplane?
Lift, Weight, Thrust, Drag
Unaccelerated flight is __________
Anytime an aircraft is flying in a straight line and not changing direction (left, right ,up, down)
When are all the forces in equilibrium ?
In unaccelerated flight
Narrow point in a tube is called a _______
Venturi
Bernoulli’s principle
Air traveling faster over a curved upper surface of a wing causes lower pressure on the top surface and higher pressure on the below surface.
Laminar flow
Air flows smoothly over the wings surface
As angle of attack increases
You increase lift, due to the disruption of air flow over the wings surfaces
When air flow over the wings is disrupted to severely to the point the air flow is destroyed
Stall (both wings are considered stalled)
The point of a stall, if you continue to increase the angle of attack
Critical angle of attack
TRUE OR FALSE
With higher altitude thin air will affect your indicated airspeed the same as it will affect your wings AOA?
True
Pitot tube
The tube which air molecules enter by forced entry (aircraft traveling through the air)
Air Speed indicator (inside the plane)
Measures the rate air molecules enter the pitot tube to determine airspeed
To spin an airplane _____________ wing(s) need to be stalled?
A. Both wings
B. Left wing
C. Right wing
A. Both wings
Frost does what to wings?
Disrupts the airflow over the wing, decreasing lifting capability.
Purpose of flaps
Increase descent angle without increasing airspeed
3 axis of an aircraft
Vertical, longitudinal and lateral
Vertical axis (line extending vertically through the cockpit) controls what movement with what controlled surface?
Yaw, rudder
Longitudinal axis (line extending from front to rear) controls what movement with what controlled surface?
Roll, ailerons
Lateral axis (line extending horizontally through the aircraft and parallel to the wings) controls which movement with what controlled surface?
Pitch, elevator
Landing an aircraft with the COG most aft will result in instability
At all speeds
A severe unrecoverable stall that will inhibit your ability to land the aircraft is
CG AFT LIMITS
4 fundamental maneuvers
Straight and level flight, turns, climbs and descents
Fact: if you reduce power and don’t adjust contols the plane can tend to pitch down on its own due to less air from the prop slipstream flowing over the wings. (Less down force)
Under the conditions there is a reduced elevator effectiveness and the nose will pitch down (except for T-Tail) when you change the AOA the pressure on the aircraft moves around
The horizontal component of lift will make the airplane ______________
Turn
True or False changing the AOA will change the center of pressure which will affect aerodynamics balance and controllability?
True
Adverse Yaw means
Yawing in the wrong direction during a turn
G is defined as
The measurement of load factor on an airplane
What will increased load factor do to an airplane at higher speeds?
Cause an airplane to stall
What determines the excess load put on a wing?
Speed of the airplane
Two left turning tendencies
P-factor and Torque Affect
P-factor is
Left turning tendency due to high AOA on take off.
Torque affect
Is the tendency of the aircraft to want to operate in a different direction than the prop is turning.
V le
Maximum landing gear extended speed.
Vx
Best angle of climb in shortest time (ex clear an object, short field)
Vy
Best rate of climb (altitude over climb)
Va
The speed in which the aircraft could make a hard correction without damaging the airplane.
Vfe
Maximum flap-extended speed (top of white arc)
Vlo
Maximum landing gear operating speed. Maximum speed at which the landing gear can be safely extended or retracted.
Vne
Never exceed speed
Vno
Maximum structural cruising speed/maximum speed for normal operations
Vso
Stalling speed or minimum steady flight speed in landing configuration.
Airplanes fly better within ________ wingspan length from the ground
A. 1
B. 2
C.3
A.1
When do wingtip vortices happen?
Plane is. Producing lift and wings are at a HIGH AOA
How do wingtip vortices circulate?
A. Above, Inward, Outward
B. Below, Inward, around each tip
C. Outward, Upward, around each tip
C.
Ground effect
Exam Answer caused by interference of earths surface with airplane flow patterns.
The reduced aerodynamic drag an aircrafts wings generate when they are close to a fixed surface.
Issues that ground effect could cause
Floating and becoming airborne before reaching take off speed
True or false
Lines of longitude are generally longer than lines if latitude
True
Each degree is broken down into
A. 60 mins
B. 5 mins
C. 30 mins
A.
Each minute of latitude is
A. 1 statute mile
B. 1 nautical mile
C. 1 mile
B.
Latitude lines are _____________
Parallel to the equator and counted vertically
Lines of longitude are
Cross equator at right angles, counted horizontally
Magneta airport icons are
Uncontrolled
Blue airport icons are
Controlled
You need to be at a minimum of ______ ft above an obstruction
500 feet
Eiffel Tower like symbols means the obstruction is greater than _________ feet
1000 feet
^ <——- obstacle
______ <—- top number
(_____). <——bottom number
Obstacle measurements
Sea level
(Height above the ground)
FAA mandates you maintain _______ft clearance ABOVE any structure in a congested area within _________ft of you
1000
2000
When ATIS leaves off sky condition, it means the ceilings are at least ________ft and visibility at least _____ SM
5000ft
5 SM
_____.__ is a common frequency used when there is no ground control/personnel (multi comm frequency)
122.0
When there is a CT in front of the frequency means there is a _______ ________. Asterisk means _______________
Control tower
Not operated continuously
Transponder codes
7700
7600
7500
7777
Emergency squawk
Lost communications
Highjack sqauwk
Intercept squawk (intercepted by military jet)
What frequency is 121.50
International emergency frequency
