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AFOQT > Aviation Information > Flashcards

Aviation Information Flashcards

1
Q

Cyclic Control (Helicopter)

A

Is the stick that controls a helicopters movement forward, backward, or sidewise. It also controls radio, intercom, and trim (Pitch, Roll, Hover).

The cyclic controls the rotor disk tilt versus the horizon, which directs the rotor disk thrust to enable the pilot to control the direction of travel of the helicopter.

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2
Q

Collective Control (Helicopter)

A

Used to change pitch angle of propeller blades. Makes the helicopter go up and down. Hovering occurs when lift and weight are equal.

The collective is used to make changes to the pitch angle of the main rotor blades and does this simultaneously, or collectively, as the name implies

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3
Q

Swashplate

A

Translates input from a helicopters flight controls into motion & pitch of main rotor blades, resulting in directional movement

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4
Q

Stabilizer Bar & Flybar

A

Help maintain a constant plane of rotation

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5
Q

Effective Translational Lift

A

Is the speed at which the rotor system realizes the benefits of horizontal airflow. This happens when the helicopter moves into undisturbed air & out of the downwash. This happens between 16 & 24 knots. “Improved efficiency that results from directional flight.”

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6
Q

Transverse Flow Effect

A

The difference in airflow between the fore & aft parts of the rotor disk is known as the transverse flow effect. This creates unequal drag in rotor disk and causes vibrations.

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7
Q

Dissymmetry of Lift

A

As a helicopter is moving forward there is more airflow on the advancing rotor blades vs the retreating blades. To compensate use flapping or cyclic feathering to compensate.

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8
Q

Translating Tendency

A

When a helicopter is hovering, it tends to drift to the right. Caused by lateral thrust of the tail rotor.

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9
Q

Tail Rotor

A

Pushes against the helicopters tail to counteract the torque of the propeller blade.

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10
Q

Ramjet Engine

A

A inlet, combustion Zone & a nozzle

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11
Q

Operations for landing an aircraft

A

Extend spoilers upward > Extend flaps > Lower landing gear > raise flaps

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12
Q

Maximum Zero Fuel Weight

A

Permissible weight of the aircraft, including all its contents, unusable fuel but not consumable fluids & usable fuel.

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13
Q

Manufactures Empty Weight (MEW)

A

Is the weight of the aircraft as it was built without everything.

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14
Q

Operating Empty Weight (OEW)

A

MEW + The Crew, Fluids (not useable fuel) & equipment necessary

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15
Q

Temperature Dewpoint Spread

A

Fog is likely to occur when the spread is within 5o and spread is decreasing.

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16
Q

Spoilers

A

Reduce Lift & Increase Drag

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17
Q

Airbrakes

A

Increase Drag & do not affect lift

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18
Q

Dihedral Wings

A

Angled upward and provide a stabilizing effect on the aircraft.

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19
Q

Thrust Horsepower Equation

A

Thrust x speed (in MPH) / 375

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20
Q

Flight Envelope

A

Limits of speed, Altitude & Angle of Attack to maintain a stable flight

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21
Q

Trim

A

Desired position of the aircraft

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22
Q

During a spin both wings are in a stalled condition

A

right wing is less stalled & continuing to produce a small amount of lift causing the rotation.

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23
Q

What causes altimeter setting to vary between airports?

A

Unequal heating of the earths surface

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24
Q

Minimum Obstacle clearance height in mountainous terrain

A

2000ft when no minimum altitude is recommended.

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25
Q

Types of BASI or VASIS - Visual Approach Slope Indicator (Stacked light bars)

A

-AT-VASIS: abbreviated T visual approach slope indicator system

-T-VASIS : Visual Approach Slope Indicator System which can be installed flush with the runway pavement surface to provide approach guidance to that runway. A T-VASIS installation will span a large area on each side of the runway centerline extending along it from just beyond the runway threshold for approximately 500 meters

-PAPI: precision approach path indicator (four lights in a single row, normally on the left side of the runway).

-APAPI: abbreviated precision approach path indicator

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26
Q

What is the difference between a LDA (Localizer Directional Aid) & an ILS (Instrument Landing System)?

A

o LDA course width is more precise.
o LDA is generated from a VOR facility.
o LDA does not have glideslope (A limited amount do but it’s rare).
o LDS is not aligned with the runway.

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27
Q

Electric Gyro Instruments Checklist

A

Inspect Heading & Attitude indicators are uncaged > Check fluid levels of turn/slip indicator & magnetic compass > Inspect outside mounted venturi > listen for unusual noises.

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28
Q

Coriolis Force

A

An internal force that acts on an object in motion, relative to a rotating frame of reference.

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29
Q

Gyroscopic Precession

A

deflection of a spinning object when a force is applied to this object. This action occurs approximately 90° later in the direction of rotation from the point where the force is applied.

30
Q

Where are changes in airspace published?

A

The federal registrar

31
Q

Absolute Altitude

A

Known as AGL (above ground level), or the vertical distance above the ground.

32
Q

True Altitude

A

Height above MSL (mean sea level)

33
Q

Density Altitude

A

Pressure altitude corrected for nonstandard temperature.

34
Q

Pressure Altitude

A

Indicated when an altimeter is set to 29.92 or once an aircraft enters FL180.

35
Q

Ground Speed

A

True Airspeed corrected for wind

36
Q

Calibrated Airspeed

A

IAS corrected for instrument & instillation errors. More deviations at low airspeed & high pitch attitudes.

37
Q

True Airspeed

A

Speed of the aircraft in relation to the airmass it’s moving through. As you climb your TAS is higher than your IAS. This is because the air is less dense and fewer molecules are entering the pitot tube & decreasing IAS. Roughly 2% for every 1000ft.

38
Q

Speed of Sound

A

761 mph, 666 knots, Mach 1 (Decreases with altitude, at FL30 speed will be 589 knots)

39
Q

Supersonic Speed

A

Greater than Mach 1 (Mach 2 = 2x speed of sound)

40
Q

Hypersonic Speed

A

Greater than Mach 5 (5x the speed of sound)

41
Q

Taxiing

A

Strong quartering tailwinds = aileron down on the upwind

42
Q

Parasite Drag

A

Is a type of aerodynamic drag that acts on any object when the object is moving through a fluid. Parasitic drag is a combination of form drag and skin friction drag.

43
Q

Skin Friction Drag

A

Arises from the friction of the fluid against the “skin” of the object that is moving through it.

44
Q

Interference Drag

A

Interference drag is generated when the airflow across one component of an aircraft is forced to mix with the airflow across an adjacent or proximal component.

45
Q

Profile Drag

A

Also known as Parasite Drag

46
Q

Induced Drag

A

lift and is produced by the passage of an airfoil (e.g. wing or tailplane) through the air.

47
Q

Form Drag

A

Arises because of the shape of the object.

48
Q

Fixed Pitch Propeller

A

the simplest of propeller designs and is associated with many light, piston engine aircraft.

49
Q

Variable Pitch Propeller

A

is a type of propeller with blades that can be rotated around their long axis to change the blade pitch.

50
Q

Constant Speed Propeller

A

is one where the pilot sets the desired engine speed (RPM), and the blade pitch is controlled automatically without the pilot’s intervention so that the rotational speed remains constant.

51
Q

Aircraft Right of Way (Types of craft)

A

Balloons > Glider > Airship > Airplane > Rotorcraft

52
Q

Aircraft Right of Way (Direction of flight)

A

o Head-on: Divert to the Right
o Converging: Aircraft to the right has right of way

53
Q

Shallow Turn

A

Bank of up to 20 degrees

54
Q

Partial Power Descent

A

Descent: 500fpm

55
Q

Speed Limits

A

o Below 10,000ft = 250kts
o At or below 2,500ft within 4nm of Class C or D Airport: 200kts
o Below Class B in a VFR corridor: 200kts

56
Q

Which aircraft component(s) affect roll?

A

ailerons and the spoilers

57
Q

Which type of climb is made with the maximum power available?

A

a best rate of climb

58
Q

This climb is used to clear obstacles in the flight path.

A

a best angle of climb

59
Q

What type of helicopter design uses a ducted fan in place of a tail rotor to cancel
torque effect?

A

the NOTAR

60
Q

coaxial rotor system

A

The coaxial rotor system cancels torque effect by using counterrotating
rotor heads.

61
Q

the tandem rotor system

A

The tandem rotor system cancels torque effect
through the use of counter-rotating rotor heads.

62
Q

When flying a helicopter, what response should be taken if the rpm is low and the
manifold pressure is high?

A

lower the collective pitch

63
Q

What part of the aircraft structure supports the tail rotor?

A

the tail boom

64
Q

If magnetic north is a positive 15-degree variation (west) from true north, to convert true north to magnetic north when flying eastbound, what is the adjustment a pilot must make to the magnetic compass?

A

add 15 degrees

“East is least, west is best.” The adjustment is a 15-degree west variation.

65
Q

What item was developed to reduce compass reading errors?

A

a vertical card compass

66
Q

Which instrument indicates if an aircraft is in a climb, in a descent, or in level
flight?

A

vertical speed indicator

67
Q

The altitude measured AGL is called ______________.

A

Absolute altitude is measured above ground level (AGL)

68
Q

Density altitude

A

pressure altitude modified for a nonstandard temperature

69
Q

Pressure altitude

A

is an indicated altitude determined with a standard atmosphere level setting of
29.92 Hg.

70
Q

True altitude

A

is measured from mean sea level (MSL).

71
Q
A

AFOQT (5 decks)

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