Aviation Information

Question 1

Aerodynamic

Answer 1

Study of motion of air as it encounters a solid object

Question 2

Four Aerodynamic Forces

Answer 2

1. Lift
2. Drag
3. Weight
4. Thrust

Question 3

Lift

Answer 3

Causes the object to remain in the air. Lift is the force applied perpendicular to the direction of the object’ motion to exceed the force of gravity. List is created by airflow over an airfoil surface such as the wing of an aircraft. When air flows faster over the airfoil surface than underneath, lift is achieved.

Question 4

Drag

Answer 4

Drag resists the airflow that enables motion. Drag is the force applied parallel to the direction of the object’s motion. Drag must be countered by an equal or greater thrust in order to achieve or maintain motion.

Question 5

Weight

Answer 5

is the force that draw an object to Earth. It is a combination of the object’s mass and the force of gravity. Weight limits flight, as gravity exerts constant pressure to draw the object down to Earth. The thrust must be sufficient to propel the object into the air.

Question 6

Thrust

Answer 6

the force that propels the aircraft into the air. Thrust produced by accelerating the mass of air around the aircraft by one of the means of propulsion. Thrust is resisted by drag.

Question 7

Airfoil

Answer 7

is a surface such as an aircraft wing or rotary blade that is shaped to split airflow above and below the airfoil to create lift. As air flows over the top of the airfoil speeds up, the pressure above the airfoil decreases. At the same time, the pressure below the airfoil surface increases and creates lift.

Question 8

Angle of Attack

Answer 8

angle at which the airfoil encounters incoming air. The AoA is measured as the angle b/w the chord line of the airfoil surface and the motion of the airflow in relation to the airfoil.

Question 9

lift coefficient

Answer 9

is the factor used to calculate the lift of the airfoil. The number takes into account the airspeed of the aircraft, the density of the air around the airfoil, the area of the surface or wing, and the AoA.

Question 10

Chord Line

Answer 10

imaginary line from the front to the back of the airfoil surface. Chord length is the distance of this line form the leading edge to the trailing edge.

Question 11

Critical AoA

Answer 11

AoA that produces the maximum value of the lift coefficient. Angle increases below the critical angle of attack, the lift coefficient increases. If the angle exceeds the critical AoA, the lift coefficient decreases.

Question 12

What are the types of motions?

Answer 12

1. Yaw
2. Roll
3. Pitch
4. Stall
5. Spin

Question 13

Yaw

Answer 13

Rotation of the aircraft around the vertical axis. Affects the direction of where the aircraft is heading.

Question 14

Roll

Answer 14

Rotation of the aircraft around its longitudinal axis (front to back). Aircraft will roll left or right depending on lift on the aircraft wings.

Question 15

Pitch

Answer 15

Rotation of the aircraft around its lateral axis (side to side). Movement is up and down

Question 16

Stall

Answer 16

occurs when a sudden decrease in lift and increase in drag causes the aircraft to fall. Lowering the AoA corrects a stall.

Question 17

Spin

Answer 17

occurs as a result of a stall that is improperly corrected. When an aircraft enters a flat spin, the pilot must disrupt the spin to force the craft back into a stall.

Question 18

Types of Speed

Answer 18

Subsonic: < mach 1
Transonic: near mach 1 
Supersonic: > mach 1 
High Supersonic: mach 3-4 
Hypersonic: mach 5-10
High Hypersonic: higher than mach 10

Question 19

Propeller Engine

Answer 19

A system in which the engine mixes fuel w/ air and burns the fuel to release heated gas that moves a piston attached to a crankshaft to spin a propeller.

Question 20

Rocket Engine

Answer 20

A system in which the engine combines fuel and oxidizers in a combustion chamber to release hot exhaust.

Question 21

Gas Turbine Engine

Answer 21

A system in which the engine combines fuel and air from the surrounding atmosphere in a combustion chamber to release hot exhaust.

Question 22

Fuselage

Answer 22

main supporting structure of the aircraft that carries the pilot, passengers, and cargo. Fuselage includes the cockpit

Question 23

Truss

Answer 23

Rigid frame that includes bars, beams, an struts designed to withstand tension and compression. Includes: longerons, provide length-wie support of the frame and diagonal bracing.

Question 24

Monocoque

Answer 24

Structural system in which loads are supported by an object’s external skin.

Question 25

Primary Controls

Answer 25

Ailerons, Rudder, Elevators

Question 26

Secondary Control

Answer 26

Flaps, Spoilers, Trim system

Question 27

Semimonocoque

Answer 27

Hybrid frame that consists of both a string outer skin, formers, and bulkheads like a monocoque frame, as well as longerons and diagonal bracing to support the structure like a truss frame