Aviation Info Flashcards
Force necessary to overcome gravitational force to keep the airplane flying is termed
Lift
Ailerons are used primarily to
Roll the airplane
Ailerons are located
On the outer edge of the wings
Pitch makes the airplane
Go up and down
Bank makes the airplane
Roll or turn
The four aerodynamic forces acting on an airplane are
Lift, Drag, Thrust and Weight
An airplane is designed to produce lift resulting from relatively
Positive (High) air pressure below the wings surface and negative (Low) air pressure above the wings surface
Flight instruments
Airspeed Indicator, Altimeter, Attitude Indicator, Vertical Velocity Indicator
Engine Instruments
Tachometer, Ammeter (Battery)
Altimeter
Altitude in MSL
Attitude
False Horizon
Vertical Velocity
How many feet/min climbing or diving
Tachometer
Engine RPMS
Ammeter
Battery Power
Forces acting on an aircraft in a steady flight condition (no change in speed or flight path)
Lift = Weight Drag = Thrust
A flashing green air traffic control signal directed to an aircraft on the surface is a signal that the pilot
Is cleared to taxi
Steady red light signal from the tower to aircraft approaching to land
Continue circling
Flashing red light signal from the tower to aircraft approaching to land
Airport is unsafe for landing
Propeller blades are curved on one side and flat on the other side to
Produce thrust
When in the down (extended) position wing flaps provide
Greater lift and more drag
What makes an airplane turn
The horizontal component of lift
What is one advantage of an airplane said to be inherently stable
Airplane will require less effort to control
If the elevator trim tabs on the airplane are lowered, the plane will tend to
Nose up
The pilot always advance the throttle during a
Climb
The pilot of an airplane can best detect the approach of a stall by the
Ineffectiveness of the ailerons and elevator
It is ordinarily desirable to provide an unusally long flight strip at municipal airports for the take-off of
Heavily loaded ships in still air
A closed runway is marked on an airfield diagram with
XXX
Over run in marked on an airfield diagram with
> > >
The reaward retarding force of airplane drag is opposed by
Thrust
Cowling is located
Around the engine
Airport taxiways are identified at night by omni directional edge lights in what color
Blue
If the aircraft is indicating a minus value this means the
Generator or alternator output is inadequate
The angle formed by the chord of an airfoil and the direction of the relative wind is called the
Angle of attack
Aircraft Structure
Fuselage, Wings (w/ ailerons & flaps), Empennage (tail), Landing Gear, Power Plant
Empannage Parts
Fixed: Vertical Stabilizer & horizontal stabilizer
Moveable: Rudder, elevator, trim tabs
Power Plant Parts
Engine Propeller
What does the cowling do?
Helps cool the engine
Propeller creates
Thrust
What does the rudder do
Move the airplane nose right and left
What does the elevator do
Moves the airplane nose up and down
Atmospheric Pressure
Weather changes help lift airplane, actuates some flight instruments
Air Density
Effects airplane capability
Less Dense Air
Reduces power, thrust, & lift
Density
Decreases with increasing altitude
Increase Temps
Decreases density
Newtons 1st Law
Body at rest remains at rest
Newtons 2nd Law
(F=MA) Constant force creates acceleration proportional to mass
Newtons 3rd Law
One body exerts force on another, 2nd exerts force equal to 1st but in opposite direction
Magnus Effect
Low pressure upward force
Axes of Flight
Pitch, Roll, Yaw
Pitch
Lateral Axis (thru wings) Nose & Tail up and down (Elevators)
Roll
Longitudinal Axis (thru body) Wings up and down (Ailerons)
Yaw
Vertical Axis (up & down) Wings side to side (Rudder)
Rudder
Push left pedal, rudder moves left, moves tail to right and nose to the left.
Secondary Flight Controls
Flaps, leading edge devices, spoilers and trim devices
Trim Systems
Relieve pilot of the need to maintain constant pressure on flight controls
Altimeter Purpose
One of most vital inst. in acft Measures where acft is at in atmosphere presents as altitude
Altimeter hands
Short: 10,000’s feet
Middle: 1,000’s feet
Long: 100’s feet
Vertical Speed Indicator (VVI or VSI)
Indicates whether plane is climbing or diving or in level flight in fpm
Airspeed Indicator
Pressure measured, different color arcs.
White - Flap operating range
Yellow - Caution range
Red- Never exceed speed
Turn Indicators
Like a “level” if ball is uncentered aerodynamic forces are unbalanced
Attitude Indicator
Miniature airplane and horizon bar. Indicates attitude of airplane relative to the true horizon
Heading Indicator (aka directional gyro)
Basically compass, not affected by flight
Turn Indicator
If aileron & rudder mvmnts are coordinated during turn, ball remains centered.
Magnetic Compass
Sets gyroscopic heading indicator. 30 degrees appears as 3
Basic Flight Maneuvers
Straight & level turns, Climbs, Descents
Rudder moves
airplane’s nose left and right
Aileron moves
airplane wing
Elevator control moves
airplane nose up and down
Flying by attitude
visually establishing attitude with reference to natural horizon
Trim
Used to relieve all possible control pressures held after desired altitude has been attained
Straight & Level Flight
Main maneuver constant heading and altitude is maintained wing tips even with horizon
Level Turns
All 4 primary controls are used
- Ailerons
- Elevator
- Throttle
- Rudder
3 Types Level Turns
Shallow - 20 degrees
Medium - 20 to 45 degrees
Steep - 45+ degrees
Empannage (Cabin)
not considered a major component of aircraft structure
Moving the control wheel or stick to the right will cause the right aileron to
Rotate forward
If the control wheel or stick is moved forward
Airspeed will increase & Aircraft pitch will change
If the left rudder is pressed then the aircraft will
Yaw
Mach refers to
Speed of sound
As the radius of a turn decreases
Positive G forces are increased
As altitude increases in order to maintain the same amount of lift an aircraft must
Fly faster
If a pilot is instructed to land on Rwy 27 using a straight approach, the heading should be
270 degrees
When flaps are extended
Drag and lift increase
Which two flight controls are used to control the rate of a turn
Elevator and ailerons
An aircraft on a heading of 325 is flying
Northwest
Under normal VFR conditions how much of a pilots attention should be focused on cockpit instruments
10%
Large yellow X’s painted on the end of the runway indicate
closed runway
the axis which extends lengthwise thru the fuselage from the nose to the tail is
Longitudinal axis
The transporter code which indicates an in-flight emergency is
7700
The ctrl system used primarily to relieve the pilot from having to maintain constant pressure on the flight controls is the
Trim
Drag (during climb) requires increase in thrust
Need sufficient thrust to continue climb
Climb types
Normal
Best rate of climb (Vy)
Best angle of climb (Vx)
An aircraft instructed to land on Rwy 23L would establish an approach heading of
230 degrees
The four aerodynamic forces acting on an airplane are
Drag, Lift, Weight, Thrust
Moving the control stick to the right or left affects which aircraft controls
ailerons
The tachometer
is not a flight instrument
Flaps are generally used
during takeoff and during landings
A flashing green air traffic control signal directed to an aircraft on the surface is a signal that the pilot
is cleared to taxi
In creating lift
The air moving over the wing moves faster than the air moving under the wing
The propeller blades are curved on one side and flat on the other to
produce thrust
On the ground and aircraft is steered by
pushing the rudder pedals
Depressing the left rudder pedal would move the tail of the aircraft
right
An aircraft heading 300 degrees is heading
Northwest
Supersonic means
Faster than the speed of sound
What is the standard weight for gasoline used in aircraft
6lbs/gal
The pilot of an airplane can best detect the approach of a stall by the
Ineffectiveness of the ailerons and elevator
