Aviation Info Flashcards
1
Q
Force necessary to overcome gravitational force to keep the airplane flying is termed
A
Lift
2
Q
Ailerons are used primarily to
A
Roll the airplane
3
Q
Ailerons are located
A
On the outer edge of the wings
4
Q
Pitch makes the airplane
A
Go up and down
5
Q
Bank makes the airplane
A
Roll or turn
6
Q
The four aerodynamic forces acting on an airplane are
A
Lift, Drag, Thrust and Weight
7
Q
An airplane is designed to produce lift resulting from relatively
A
Positive (High) air pressure below the wings surface and negative (Low) air pressure above the wings surface
8
Q
Flight instruments
A
Airspeed Indicator, Altimeter, Attitude Indicator, Vertical Velocity Indicator
9
Q
Engine Instruments
A
Tachometer, Ammeter (Battery)
10
Q
Altimeter
A
Altitude in MSL
11
Q
Attitude
A
False Horizon
12
Q
Vertical Velocity
A
How many feet/min climbing or diving
13
Q
Tachometer
A
Engine RPMS
14
Q
Ammeter
A
Battery Power
15
Q
Forces acting on an aircraft in a steady flight condition (no change in speed or flight path)
A
Lift = Weight Drag = Thrust
16
Q
A flashing green air traffic control signal directed to an aircraft on the surface is a signal that the pilot
A
Is cleared to taxi
17
Q
Steady red light signal from the tower to aircraft approaching to land
A
Continue circling
18
Q
Flashing red light signal from the tower to aircraft approaching to land
A
Airport is unsafe for landing
19
Q
Propeller blades are curved on one side and flat on the other side to
A
Produce thrust
20
Q
When in the down (extended) position wing flaps provide
A
Greater lift and more drag
21
Q
What makes an airplane turn
A
The horizontal component of lift
22
Q
What is one advantage of an airplane said to be inherently stable
A
Airplane will require less effort to control
23
Q
If the elevator trim tabs on the airplane are lowered, the plane will tend to
A
Nose up
24
Q
The pilot always advance the throttle during a
A
Climb
25
The pilot of an airplane can best detect the approach of a stall by the
Ineffectiveness of the ailerons and elevator
26
It is ordinarily desirable to provide an unusally long flight strip at municipal airports for the take-off of
Heavily loaded ships in still air
27
A closed runway is marked on an airfield diagram with
XXX
28
Over run in marked on an airfield diagram with
>>>
29
The reaward retarding force of airplane drag is opposed by
Thrust
30
Cowling is located
Around the engine
31
Airport taxiways are identified at night by omni directional edge lights in what color
Blue
32
If the aircraft is indicating a minus value this means the
Generator or alternator output is inadequate
33
The angle formed by the chord of an airfoil and the direction of the relative wind is called the
Angle of attack
34
Aircraft Structure
Fuselage, Wings (w/ ailerons & flaps), Empennage (tail), Landing Gear, Power Plant
35
Empannage Parts
Fixed: Vertical Stabilizer & horizontal stabilizer
Moveable: Rudder, elevator, trim tabs
36
Power Plant Parts
Engine Propeller
37
What does the cowling do?
Helps cool the engine
38
Propeller creates
Thrust
39
What does the rudder do
Move the airplane nose right and left
40
What does the elevator do
Moves the airplane nose up and down
41
Atmospheric Pressure
Weather changes help lift airplane, actuates some flight instruments
42
Air Density
Effects airplane capability
43
Less Dense Air
Reduces power, thrust, & lift
44
Density
Decreases with increasing altitude
45
Increase Temps
Decreases density
46
Newtons 1st Law
Body at rest remains at rest
47
Newtons 2nd Law
(F=MA) Constant force creates acceleration proportional to mass
48
Newtons 3rd Law
One body exerts force on another, 2nd exerts force equal to 1st but in opposite direction
49
Magnus Effect
Low pressure upward force
50
Axes of Flight
Pitch, Roll, Yaw
51
Pitch
Lateral Axis (thru wings) Nose & Tail up and down (Elevators)
52
Roll
Longitudinal Axis (thru body) Wings up and down (Ailerons)
53
Yaw
Vertical Axis (up & down) Wings side to side (Rudder)
54
Rudder
Push left pedal, rudder moves left, moves tail to right and nose to the left.
55
Secondary Flight Controls
Flaps, leading edge devices, spoilers and trim devices
56
Trim Systems
Relieve pilot of the need to maintain constant pressure on flight controls
57
Altimeter Purpose
One of most vital inst. in acft Measures where acft is at in atmosphere presents as altitude
58
Altimeter hands
Short: 10,000's feet
Middle: 1,000's feet
Long: 100's feet
59
Vertical Speed Indicator (VVI or VSI)
Indicates whether plane is climbing or diving or in level flight in fpm
60
Airspeed Indicator
Pressure measured, different color arcs.
White - Flap operating range
Yellow - Caution range
Red- Never exceed speed
61
Turn Indicators
Like a "level" if ball is uncentered aerodynamic forces are unbalanced
62
Attitude Indicator
Miniature airplane and horizon bar. Indicates attitude of airplane relative to the true horizon
63
Heading Indicator (aka directional gyro)
Basically compass, not affected by flight
64
Turn Indicator
If aileron & rudder mvmnts are coordinated during turn, ball remains centered.
65
Magnetic Compass
Sets gyroscopic heading indicator. 30 degrees appears as 3
66
Basic Flight Maneuvers
Straight & level turns, Climbs, Descents
67
Rudder moves
airplane's nose left and right
68
Aileron moves
airplane wing
69
Elevator control moves
airplane nose up and down
70
Flying by attitude
visually establishing attitude with reference to natural horizon
71
Trim
Used to relieve all possible control pressures held after desired altitude has been attained
72
Straight & Level Flight
Main maneuver constant heading and altitude is maintained wing tips even with horizon
73
Level Turns
All 4 primary controls are used
- Ailerons
- Elevator
- Throttle
- Rudder
74
3 Types Level Turns
Shallow - 20 degrees
Medium - 20 to 45 degrees
Steep - 45+ degrees
75
Empannage (Cabin)
not considered a major component of aircraft structure
76
Moving the control wheel or stick to the right will cause the right aileron to
Rotate forward
77
If the control wheel or stick is moved forward
Airspeed will increase & Aircraft pitch will change
78
If the left rudder is pressed then the aircraft will
Yaw
79
Mach refers to
Speed of sound
80
As the radius of a turn decreases
Positive G forces are increased
81
As altitude increases in order to maintain the same amount of lift an aircraft must
Fly faster
82
If a pilot is instructed to land on Rwy 27 using a straight approach, the heading should be
270 degrees
83
When flaps are extended
Drag and lift increase
84
Which two flight controls are used to control the rate of a turn
Elevator and ailerons
85
An aircraft on a heading of 325 is flying
Northwest
86
Under normal VFR conditions how much of a pilots attention should be focused on cockpit instruments
10%
87
Large yellow X's painted on the end of the runway indicate
closed runway
88
the axis which extends lengthwise thru the fuselage from the nose to the tail is
Longitudinal axis
89
The transporter code which indicates an in-flight emergency is
7700
90
The ctrl system used primarily to relieve the pilot from having to maintain constant pressure on the flight controls is the
Trim
91
Drag (during climb) requires increase in thrust
Need sufficient thrust to continue climb
92
Climb types
Normal
Best rate of climb (Vy)
Best angle of climb (Vx)
93
An aircraft instructed to land on Rwy 23L would establish an approach heading of
230 degrees
94
The four aerodynamic forces acting on an airplane are
Drag, Lift, Weight, Thrust
95
Moving the control stick to the right or left affects which aircraft controls
ailerons
96
The tachometer
is not a flight instrument
97
Flaps are generally used
during takeoff and during landings
98
A flashing green air traffic control signal directed to an aircraft on the surface is a signal that the pilot
is cleared to taxi
99
In creating lift
The air moving over the wing moves faster than the air moving under the wing
100
The propeller blades are curved on one side and flat on the other to
produce thrust
101
On the ground and aircraft is steered by
pushing the rudder pedals
102
Depressing the left rudder pedal would move the tail of the aircraft
right
103
An aircraft heading 300 degrees is heading
Northwest
104
Supersonic means
Faster than the speed of sound
105
What is the standard weight for gasoline used in aircraft
6lbs/gal
106
The pilot of an airplane can best detect the approach of a stall by the
Ineffectiveness of the ailerons and elevator
107
What makes an airplane turn
The horizontal component of lift
108
Larger aircraft generally tend to
Land on longer runways
109
For runway 23L, what does the L indicate
L stands for the left-hand runway at airport with two runways aligned in the same direction
110
Tachometer
Indicates the speed at which the engine crankshaft is rotating. (NOT a flight instrument!!!)
111
Flaps
Increase lift and drag
112
Compass headings
North - 360 degrees
East - 90 degrees
South - 180 degrees
West - 270 degrees
113
Northwest Heading
Falls between 270 and 360 degrees
114
Inverse Operation
Subtraction and division
115
Prime number
Whole # which can be divided by itself and 1,2,3,5,7,11,13
116
Addition Answer
Sum
117
Subtraction Answer
Remainder
118
Multiply Answer
Product
119
Division Answer
Quotient
120
Factors
```
#s that can be multiplied resulting in a whole number
Ex. 2x3 = 6
```
121
Composite Number
Whole # that can be divided evenly by itself and 1 AND by at least one other whole #
Ex. 4, 6, 8, 10, 15, 27
122
Order of operations
PEMDAS
123
Combine like terms
2x + 4x becomes 6x
124
Convert F to C
C = 5/9(F-32)
125
Convert C to F
F = 9/5(C+32)
126
1 acre =
43,560 sq. ft
127
Area of a Rectangle
Length x Width
128
An eclipse of the sun throws the shadow of the
moon on the earth
129
Substances that hasten a chemical reaction without themselves undergoing change are called
Catalysts
130
Lack of iodine is often related to what disease
Goiter
131
Under natural conditions, large quan of organic matter decay therefore
Soil maintains fertility
132
The thin layer that forms the front of the eyeball is called the
Cornea
133
The most likely reason why dinosaurs became extinct was that they
Failed to adapt to a changing environment
134
Which of the following is a chemical change
Burning a pound of coal
135
A person with high blood pressure should
avoid salt
136
The chief nutrient in lean meat is
protein
137
Spiders can be distinguished from insects by the fact that spiders have
four pairs of legs
138
An important ore of uranium is called
pitchblende
139
Of the following the lightest element know on earth is
hydrogen
140
Of the following gases in the air, the most plentiful is
nitrogen
141
The time it takes for light from the sun to reach the earth is approximately
8 minutes
142
Of the following types of clouds the ones that occur at the greatest height are
Cirrus
143
New drug test. Group A takes drug, Group B takes sugar pill. Group B is called the
Experimental control
144
After adding salt to water, the freezing point of the water is
lowered
145
Radium is stored in lead containers because
the lead absorbs the harmful radiation
146
The type of joint that attaches the arm to the shoulder blade is the
Ball and socket
147
Limes were eaten by British sailors in order to prevent
Scurvy
148
The time that it takes for the earth to rotate 45 degrees is
3 hours
149
Of the following planets the one that has the shortest revolutionary period around the sun is
Mercury
150
What is the negative particle that circles the nucleus of that atom
Electron
151
In the international system of units a measurement for mass is a
kilogram
152
What is energy called that is derived from the earth's internal heat
geothermal
153
Compounds that include fat and oils found in foods and the human body are
lipids
154
Resistance is the tendency for a material to the flow of electrons and is measured in
Ohms
155
In order for a lunar eclipse to take place the
Earth axis of rotation must pint toward the moon
156
A scientist who studies animals would be called a
Zoologist
157
A group of tissues in the human body which work together is
organ
158
What is an insect scientist called
Entomologist
159
A "dalton" is a unit of measurement for measuring
mass
160
The adult human of average age and size has approximately how many quarts of blood
6
161
The smallest of the formed elements of blood are the
platelets
162
Polaris is the
north star
163
A fish breathes with
Gills
164
The type of element an atom is determined by
The number of protons
165
Seasons are caused primarily by
The earths tilting on its axis
166
Planets in our solar system rotate
counter clockwise
167
A common name for NaCl is
Salt
168
Animals that eat plants and other animals are called
Omnivores
169
Which planet in the solar system has the least surface gravity
Pluto
170
How many legs does an arachnid have
8
171
A herpetologist would be primarily concerned with
reptiles
172
Excepting the three tiny bones in each ear, how many bones are there in a normal adult skeleton
200
173
An elephant can not
jump
174
Blood is returned to the heart through tubes called
veins
175
What kind of bird can build a nest which weighs more than a ton
Bald Eagle
176
Paleontologist studies
Dinosaurs
177
Which planet in our solar system has the shortest year
Mercury
178
Chloroplasts are found in which type of cells
Plant cells
179
Your forearm contains two bones. The ulna and
Radius
180
Which planet in our solar system has the longest day
Venus
181
Which of the Earths Natural elements has the highest atomic number
Uranium
182
The lowest or most narrow level of the classification of organisms is called
species
183
Water freezes at what temperature
0 degrees C
184
Is burning charcoal in your BBq a chemical reaction
Yes
185
Where are electrons found in an atom
Orbiting around the nucleus
186
H20 is the chemical formula
Water and Ice
187
What percentage of elements are metals
75%
188
How many meters are there in a kilometer
1000
189
An oxide is formed when an element is chemically combined with what type of specific element
Oxygen
190
A very strong acid would have a pH closer to
1
191
Carbon has an atomic number of 6. How many protons would the element contain
6
192
Elements with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons are called
isotopes
193
What percentage of the worlds population lives in the US
6%
194
Which is the deepest ocean
Pacific Ocean
195
Which of the planets i our solar system has the most know moons
Jupiter
196
What does the color of a start signify
surface temperature
197
What planet does the moon named lo orbit
Jupiter
198
Cloroplast
Help plant cells turn sunlight into energy for the plant
199
Lanthanum
Has a higher atomic number than uranium but is not a natural element
200
Nitrogen
Makes up 78% of the gases in the air
201
Jupiter
has 60 known moons
202
Pacific Ocean
Averages about 4000 meters deep
203
Star color
Blue stars are hotter than red stars
204
Pentagon
5 sided polygon
205
Hexagon
6 sided polygon
206
Octagon
8 sided polygon
207
Decagon
10 sided polygon
208
Triangle
3 sided polygon
209
Quadrilateral
4 sided polygon
210
Polygon
closed in shape, made up of 3 or more straight lines
211
Equilateral Triangle
All 3 sides are equal, the angles of all 3 sides are 60 degrees each
212
Isosceles Triangle
2 sides have the same length and angle
213
Scalene Triangle
All three sides and all three angles are unequal
214
Acute Triangle
All 3 angles are less than 90 degrees
215
Obtuse Triangle
1 angle is greater than 90 degrees
216
Right triangle
Has a 90 degree right angle
217
Hypotenuse
Longest side of a right triangle. Other sides are called legs
218
Concurrent Triangles
Triangles which are identical
219
Similar Triangles
Triangles are the same shape but not the same size
220
Special lines
Indicate altitudes, medians, and angle bisections
221
Quadrilateral
Polygon with 4 sides. Sum always measure 360 degrees
222
Parallelogram
Quadrilateral whose opposing sides are parallel to each other. Opposite sides are also equal
223
Rectangle
All angles are 90 degrees
224
Square
All four sides equal in length
225
Rhombus
All four sides equal but 2 are slanted
226
Trapezoid
Two sides are parallel but two are not
227
Circle
360 degrees Circumference is the length around
228
Diameter
Line going across the circle, 1/2 circle
229
Radius
1/2 the diameter
230
Perimeter
Sum of the length of all sides
231
Pythagorean Theorem
A^2 + B^2 = C^2
232
Diameter of Circle
2 x radius
233
Circumference of a circle
Pi x diameter
234
Area of Rectangle or Square
Length x Width
235
Area of Parallelogram
Base x Height
236
Area of Triangle
1/2 (Base x height)
237
Area of Circle
pi x radius^2
238
Volume
inside 3 dimensional objects
239
Rectangle volume
L x W x H
240
Cube/Square Volume
1 side cubed (s3)
241
Cylinder volume
Base x Height
| Base = pi x radius^2
242
In chemistry what are alpha particles
helium nuclei
243
A dalton is a unit measure for
mass
244
The Baume scale is used to measure
specific gravity
245
The antoine equation is ued to
estimate the vapor pressure of pure liquids or solids
246
Surplus red blood cells are stored in the
Spleen
247
What region of the of brain influences body temp, metabolism
hypothalamus
248
What causes stars to twinkle
turbulent air
249
Electrons which move thru an electric circuit as a current have a
negative charge
250
Fire is a form of
Energy
251
Rust is caused by a chemical reaction know as
oxidation
252
When heat is transferred through a solid the process is called
conduction
253
The time it takes the earth to rotate 45 degrees is
3 hours
254
At higher altitudes, water boils
At a lower temperature
255
What is the name for the negative particle which circles the nucleus of the atom
electron
256
When entering a climb from level flight, the weight of the aircraft
results in increased drag
257
Turbulence is caused by
Convective air currents, obstructions to wind flow, wind shear
258
A minimally safe airspeed descent is principally used
when clearing obstacles during landing
259
An aircraft must travel _____ @ 10,000 ft than at 1,000 ft
Faster
260
Are flaps a primary flight control
No
261
When a flt is identified as "heavy" it means
more than 250,000 pounds of gross weight
262
What does the term yaw mean
directional turning from the tail section
263
The IFF on a military aircraft
indicates whether an aircraft is an enemy or ally
264
The line on an airspeed indicator to warn that operating above the indicated level is dangerous is colored
Red
265
When taking off into a headwind, the result will be
shorter takeoff distance and increased climb angle
266
If one end of a rwy is number 27 what will the other end be
09
