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Intro to Avian & Reptile Med > Avian Medicine > Flashcards

Avian Medicine Flashcards

1
Q

Fluffed and ruffled feathers indicate a lack of normal ____ activity.

A

preening

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2
Q

What is the ideal cage substrate for avian patients?

A

Paper products

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3
Q

Inappropriate materials or infrequent cage cleaning can lead to what type of infections?

A

Fungal infections, like Aspergillosis

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4
Q

Body condition score is obtained by palpating the ___ and the associated muscles.

A

keel

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5
Q

The HR is often ____ beats/minute during a physical exam.

A

> 250

(so it’s totally accurate)

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6
Q

Where is the uropygial gland (preening gland) located?

A

Caudo-dorsal surface of the bird, just proximal to the last vertebra (pygostyle)

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7
Q

Why are PLRs not consistent in birds?

A

Because striated muscle controls pupillary contraction

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8
Q

An increase in which parameter on a blood chemistry is an indication for liver biopsy in an otherwise healthy bird?

A

Bile acids

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9
Q

Which parameter on a blood chemistry is most helpful in evaluating renal disease?

A

Uric acid

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10
Q

Alanine transaminase (ALT) has no value in birds. True or false?

A

True

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11
Q

Platelets are replaced by what in avian patients?

A

Thrombocytes

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12
Q

What are the three typical ways you can determine the sex of a bird species that does not exhibit sexual dimorphism?

A
  1. DNA testing from either a blood or feather sample
  2. Physically laying an egg
  3. Laparoscopic evaluation
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13
Q

All feathers have a permanent artery, vein, and nerve associated with it and damage to a feather can lead to significant hemorrhage. True or false?

A

False

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14
Q

What type of feathers have an axial artery, vein, and nerve?

A

Developing feathers

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15
Q

Breaking an immature feather can cause significant hemorrhage. What is the treatment?

A

Pulling the broken feather and applying pressure to the follicle

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16
Q

Why is the avian respiratory system highly efficient? Three answers.

A
  1. Larger ratio of gas exchange to lung volume
  2. Larger pulmonary capillary blood volume
  3. Cross current exchange
17
Q

Inducing emesis can be an effective means of removing ingested toxic material in birds. True or false?

A

False

18
Q

Inducing emesis and crop dilution are NOT recommended methods for decontamination of birds. True or false?

A

True

19
Q

The closer to a joint a fracture is, the ___ the prognosis.

A

worse

20
Q

Fractures of which bone generally require surgical fixation?

A

Humerus

21
Q

Fractures located here can be managed with cage rest or figure eight bandage +/- body wrap.

A

Thoracic girdle

22
Q

Non-displaced radial or ulnar fractures can be managed with what?

A

Bandages

23
Q

Carpal and metacarpal fractures can be managed with what?

A

Bandages/splints

24
Q

Medical management is often unrewarding in cases of dystocia so aggressive interventions (oxytocin, prostaglandin, ovocentesis, surgery, referral) are necessary. True or false?

A

False

25
Q

Tracheal stenosis is a serious post-operative complication that occurs 1-3 weeks after a surgical procedure when tracheal intubation is utilized. True or false?

A

True

26
Q

Alfaxalone is a popular induction agent in exotic animal medicine and can be given IM. Why is it less suitable for larger birds?

A

Requires large volumes to be administered

27
Q

Inhalants including sevoflurane and isoflurane can be used as induction agents. Both cause dose-dependent _____ _____.

A

cardiopulmonary depression

28
Q

Most birds appear to be kappa opioid receptor dominant. What is the most commonly used opioid in birds?

A

Butorphanol

29
Q

Birds with clinical hepatic disease will present with jaundice. True or false?

A

False

Jaundice does NOT occur due to lack of biliverdin reductase.

30
Q

Feather destructive behavior requires behavior modification drugs in order to be treated successfully. True or false?

A

False

Treat underlying causes, implement good behavior modification plan, environmental enrichment, foraging opportunities.

31
Q

Is hypocalcemia or hypercalcemia a normal finding in active laying hens?

A

Hypercalcemia

32
Q

_____ is stored in bone, so chelation therapy is slower than _____.

A

Lead; zinc

33
Q

Radiographs are the most reliable diagnostic available for heavy metal toxicosis.

A

False

They MAY reveal metal opacity foreign body.

34
Q

Hemoglobinuria is suggestive of zinc toxicity.

A

False

35
Q

Symptoms of heavy metal toxicity in birds include: anorexia, weight loss, neurological signs, GI signs, and polyuria/polydipsia. True or false?

A

True

36
Q

Of the following diseases, which is NOT typically on the rule-out list for sudden death?
* Polyomavirus
* Teflon toxicity
* Aspergillosis
* Pacheco’s Disease

A

Aspergillosis

Intro to Avian & Reptile Med (3 decks)

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