Avian Anatomy Flashcards
– chemical processes which occur in a living organism and are
necessary for the maintenance of life, such as turning oxygen into carbon
dioxide
Metabolism
Avian Heart
Pumps blood throughout the body using blood_____
vessels
Is _____________ chambered, consisting of two atria and two
ventricles
4
Avian Blood Vessels
_____________: carry blood away from the heart
arteries
Avian Blood Vessels
___ carry blood back to the heart
veins
Major Avian Arteries
carotids:
carry blood to the head and brain
Major Avian Arteries
_____________: deliver blood to the wings
brachialis
Major Avian Arteries
pectorals:
take blood to the flight muscles
Major Avian Arteries
transports blood everywhere except the lungs
systemic
Major Avian Arteries
pulmonary:
pulmonary: brings blood to the lungs
Major Avian Veins
takes blood away from the wings
brachialis
Major Avian Veins
carries blood away from the head and brain
jugular
Major Avian Veins
brings blood away from the back of the body
inferior vena cava
Major Avian Veins
brings blood away from the front of the body
superior vena cava
The Digestive System
Takes in food, breaks it down into nutrients and the nutrients are absorbed in the _____________
blood stream
The Esophagus
Connects the mouth to the _____________
stomach
____- a pouch found in the esophagus of many birds which stores food for
later digestion or regurgitation for offspring
CROP
The Stomach
_____________: glandular part of the stomach where food is
partially digested
proventriculus
The Stomach
_____________: muscular portion of the stomach which grinds
food, often with the help of ingested stones or grit
GIZZARD
The Small Intestine _____________ in herbivorous birds
longer
The small intestine is ____ in carnivorous birds
shorter
The Large Intestine
• Is also known as the _____________
colon
Connects to the _____________, where all waste products meet to exit the body
colaca
The Endocrine System
• Consists of glands and hormones which _____________ growth,development, reproduction and behavior
regulate
The Adrenal Glands
• Are located on top of each _____________
kidney
_____________: regulates salt and water balance in the body
aldosterone
controls carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism
cortisol
The Pancreas
• _____________ acids found in the mixture of food passed from the
stomach
neutralizes
The Pancreas
• Produces insulin which breaks down _____________ and other nutrients in the body
glucose
The Pituitary Gland
• Is located on the base of the _____________
brain
The Thyroid Gland
• Is located at the base of the _____________
neck
Regulates how fast a bird _____________ energy or makes proteins
burns
The Excretory System
• Controls the amount of _____________ in the body
• Removes metabolic wastes
water
The Kidneys
• _____________ waste products out of blood
filiters
The Urethra-rids of waste
• Is a _____________ tube used for excreting wastes
hollow
The Immune System
• Identifies and kills _____________
Pathogen – any disease causing agent, such as a virus or bacteria
The Adaptive Immune System
• Attacks specific threats to the body
• Plans different defenses for various invaders
• Works with the innate _____________ system in order to prevent attacks and memorize how to kill the pathogens
immune
The Integumentary System
• Includes _____________, feathers and claws
skin
_____________: outermost layer of skin
epidermis
_______: connective tissue which provides the body with
dermis
_____________ _____: provides insulation and nutrient storage
subcutaneous tissue
_____________ _____: provides insulation and nutrient storage
subcutaneous tissue
_____ Provide insulation for a bird
feathers
