Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Ross Special Species > Avian > Flashcards

Avian Flashcards

1
Q

What are tracts of feathers called?

A

Pterylae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are areas without feathers called?

A

Apteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which feathers are vascularized?

Which feathers are empty?

A

Blood/growing feathers

Mature feathers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What do stress bars on feathers indicate?

A

Structural damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What function do downy feathers have?

A

First feathers
Thermoregulation
Protection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What function do bristle feathers have?

A

Tactile

Sensory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How is the avian spinal column arranged?

A

Neck 2.5x longer than mammals

Notarium: dorsal vertebrae fused

1 loose vertebrae

Synsacrum: pelvic and sacral bones fused

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What part of the bird is assessed for BCS?

A

Keel, should be convex in shape (3/5)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Will flushing a pneumatic bone drown a bird?

A

NO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the avian shoulder structure?

A

Clavicle (wishbone)
Coracoid (connects humerus to sternum)
Scapula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are three sites for blood collection in birds?

A
  1. Elbow joint - wing vein runs parallel to humerus
  2. Medial metatarsal vein on leg
  3. R jugular
  4. Cut line into nail
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the flap of skin/elastic tissue found across the elbow called?

A

Patagium

Composed of major and minor ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which site is often used for intraosseus catheter placement?

A

Ulna, carpal joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where are the nares located?

A

In the cere, opening in the beak

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the choana? How is it used clinically?

A 
Palatine fissure (birds do not have soft palate)
Connects oral cavity with respiratory system

Best place for respiratory sampling - flush nares and collect at choana

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where are foreign bodies commonly seen in the bird?

A

Tracheal bifurcation

Dx: endoscopy

17
Q

What is the syrinx?

Where is it found?

A

Voicebox, system of membranes that move when air comes in

Found at tracheal bifurcation

18
Q

Describe the avian air sacs and how they function.

A 
Anterior = cervical, interclavicular, cranial thoracic
Posterior = caudal thoracic and abdominal
  • No direct role in gas exchange, but serve as bellows to store extra air
  • Allow a continuous stream of air to pass through lungs in a one-way flow
  • Connect to pneumatic bones and remove excess heat as the bird breathes
19
Q

Describe the flow of air during gas exchange

A

Movement of sternum and ribs provide mechanical force for inspiration and expiration

Inspiration - most air to posterior air sacs, some passes into lungs
Expiration - air from posterior air sacs passes into lungs

20
Q

How are birds typically induced and maintained anesthetically?

A

Mask (isoflurane) starting at 5%
Takes 30-60 seconds

ETT (uncuffed, Cole) inserted 1-2 inches through tracheal opening

Iso 2-3% maintenance

21
Q

What anesthetic monitoring is typically used in birds?

A
  1. Doppler BP clipped to wing/cloaca
  2. Temp probe in cloaca
  3. Pulse ox
    * Provide IPPV 2-4 times per minute!
22
Q

What is air sac cannulation and when is it indicated?

A

Incision placed caudal to last rib (aim for caudal thoracic or abdominal air sac)

Injected air enters caudal air sacs, gas exchange in lungs, cranial air sac, expelled

Indicated in:

  1. Emergency (severe dyspnea as in tracheal FB)
  2. Surgery of oral cavity
  3. Enucleation
23
Q

What are the sclerical ossicles?

A

Ring of interdigitating pneumatic bones that surrounds the eye

Results in limited ocular motility

24
Q

How is the avian iris different from the mammalian iris?

Why is this clinically significant?

A

Controlled by striated (not smooth) muscle

Commonly used mydriatics (atropine) won’t work, use general anesthesia instead

25
Q

How does the avian retina differ from mammals?

A
  1. Avascular structure
  2. Pectens provides nutrients to retinal tissue
  3. Fovea (circle lateral to pectens) is area of greatest visual acuity
26
Q

What should be considered when performing avian eye neuro exam?

A

No indirect PLR present (contralateral pupil will not constrict)

27
Q

T/F, the large cardiac vessels can be visualized radiographically

A

True, visualized within heart on V/D

28
Q

What is unique about avian RBCs?

A

Nucleated, nucleus lightens with age (less densely packed)

29
Q

How much blood can safely be sampled from a bird?

A

10% of blood volume (which is 10% of BW)

eg) 500g bird, 5mL can be collected

30
Q

How is liver function assessed in the bird?

A

Bile acids

31
Q

What condition can cause blunting of the papillae on the palantine cleft?

A

Hypovitaminosis A

32
Q

Where is the crop located?

A

R of trachea

33
Q

What are the enzymatic and mechanical components of the avian stomach?

A

Proventriculus (enzymatic, glandular)

Ventricular (mechanical, muscular)

34
Q

What are the three normal components of avian feces?

A

Fecal (brown)
Urate (white)
Urine (clear)

Ross Special Species (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions