avian Flashcards
scientific name for parrots
psittacines
african grey parrots
highly intelligent, mimic speech, bored easily, playful, require a lot of attention
macaw
giants of parrot world, big voices and attitudes, playful, love to chew, intelligent
amazon parrots
playful, extroverted, independent, excellent talkers
budgies
aka parakeets, playful, intelligent, inexpensive, non destructive, gentle, quiet
cockatiels
playful, intelligent, non destructive, gentle, relatively quiet
cockatoos
intelligent, cuddly, require a lot of attention, needy, tend to pluck feathers
conures
playful and spunky
eclectus parrot
intelligent, gentle, do not like noise, very vocal
lories
busy and lively, can develop behavior disorders and self mutilate, playtime is essential, fruit diet
lovebird
short tails, playful, if paired may not bond with humans
feathers are made of____
keratin
flight feathers
large feathers of wings and tails
primaries
og from carpus and metatarsus
secondaries
og from radius and ulna
tertiaries
closest to body
contour feathers
all over the body
down feathers
trap air in, insulating
birds do not have____
sweat glands, diaphragm, or lymph nodes
femur, humerus, and some vertebrae are ____
pneumatic bones
avian hearts are roughly______ larger than mammalian heart
1.5-2
_________ is used to asses vein refill time and dehydration
cutaneous ulnar vein
best to give parental meds to ______ part of body
front
renal-portal system
blood from caudal half of body my pass through kidneys before reaching the heart
_______ used to determine renal function
uric acid
ophthalmology
large optic nerve, eye makes up 15% bodyweight, iris is involuntary striated muscle
syrinx
voice box
birds have lungs but also ______
8 air sacs
holding a bird too tight can ______
suffocate it
crop
located in the “throat”, peristalsis
gizzard
stomach
cecum
only in chickens
gallbladders
not in parrots
parrot feces
90% gram positive organisms
waterfowl raptor and poultry feces
mostly gram negative organisms
passerine feces
very little bacteria, gram positive
______ should NOT be seen in parrot species
clostridium
avian reproductive system
male: 2 testes
female: one left ovary and oviduct
Chlamydophila psittaci
bacterial disease characterized by depression, anorexia, lethargy, dyspnea, nasal ocular discharge, green urates, enlarged spleen
is C. psittaci zoonotic and reportable
yes and yes
transmission of C. psittaci
inhalation or ingestion of spores
Dx of C. psittaci
elisa, pcr, ifa
Tx of C. psittaci
45 days of doxycycline
canary pox
URI signs with raised papules
transmission of canary pox
mosquito or mechanical means through broken skin
Dx of canary pox
bollinger bodies in skin and mucosal cells
Tx of canary pox
supportive
prevention of canary pox
vaccinate every 6 months
etiology of polyomavirus
non-enveloped virus, stable environment
clinical signs of polyomavirus
depression, anorexia, delayed crop emptying, regurg, dehydration, diarrhea, dyspnea, polyuria
transmission of polyomavirus
infected bodily fluids
Dx of polyomavirus
PCR of feces or tissue
prevention of polyomavirus
vaccine
PBFD
Psittacine beak and feather disease
etiology of PBFD
circovirus, non-enveloped, environmentally stable
transmission of PBFD
shed in feces, feather dander, bodily excretions
clinical signs of PBFD
progressive symmetrical dystrophy of feathers and may lead to alopecia
Dx of PBFD
DNA probe test, follicle Bx
prognosis of PBFD
fatal once signs show up
etiology of papillomatosis
herpesvirus
clinical signs of papillomatosis
wart-like masses on cloaca, oropharynx, weight loss, blood in stool
Dx of papillomatosis
appearance
Tx of papillomatosis
removing lesions and applying silver nitrate
west nile etiology
flavivirus
transmission of west nile
mosquitoes
clinical signs of west nile
neurologic, death
prevention of west nile
horse vaccine
