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vet exotics > avian > Flashcards

avian Flashcards

1
Q

what is the difference between commercial layers and broiler chickens?

A

Broilers - meat

layers - eggs

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2
Q

what is the scientific name for water fowl

A

anseriformes

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3
Q

what is the scientific name for pigeons and doves?

A

columbiformes

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4
Q

what is the highest egg consuming country?

A

mexico

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5
Q

infectious bronchitis and laryngotracheitis usually infects what species of birds?

A

galliformes

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6
Q

influenza typically is inapparent in what species of birds

A

waterfowl

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7
Q

what are the 2 forms of newcastle and which is more severe?

A 
paramyxovirus type 1
exotic Newcastle (more severe)
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8
Q

Respiratory, soft shelled or roughend/deformed eggs, secondary coliform respiratory infections, egg quality abnormalities are associated with which form of New castle disease?

A

paramyxovirus type 1

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9
Q

what are the lesions associated with Paramyxovirus type 1?

A

conjuntivitis, tracheitis, air saculitis, secndary coliform respiratory infections, egg quality abnormalities

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10
Q

Exotic new castle disease is a multy systemic disease, what systems does it tend to affect

A

respiratory, CNS
viscerotropic -> replicating in lymphoid tissue all over the body -> causes hemorrhage in sot tissues and lymphoid tissue of the body

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11
Q

How is surveillance carried out for newcastle disease and avian influenza?

A

oropharyngeal swab

3 ml brain heart infusion broth with 5 swab max

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12
Q

how can new castle be diagnosed?

A

rt PCR
virus isolating and pathotyping by inoculating susceptible SPF chicken
(dx method must be usda approved)

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13
Q

is newcastle disease zoonotic?

A

YES

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14
Q

what are the differences in control between Exotic newcastle dz and paramyxovirus type 1

A

Exotic newcastle- reportable, and eradication in the US

Paramyxovirus type 1- not reportable and handled with a vaccine

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15
Q

what type of birds are natural reservoirs for avian influenza?

A

waterfowl, mostly asymptomatic and excrete the virus in their feces

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16
Q

avian influenza is what type of virus

A

orthomyxovirus

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17
Q

what are the 2 different types of avian influenza?

A

low path

high path

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18
Q

requires trypsin to replicate stays in the gut/respiratory tract describes what type of virulence for avian influenza?

A

low path

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19
Q

why is high path virulence such a concern

A

replicates without trypsin and causes systemic dz

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20
Q

for what 2 H strains can virulence spontaneously change?

A

H5 and H7 ( reportable)

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21
Q

why is it risky to accept H5 and H7 avian influenza as endemic?

A

high potential for mutation to a highly pathogenic form

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22
Q

avian influenza clinical sighs vary greatly, what are some for low path?

A

respiratory signs, dehydration, depressed, hyperemia

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23
Q

what dz can low path avian influenza resemble?

A

newcastle

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24
Q

for low path ai, what are some lesions you could see in mature poultry?

A

yolk peritonitis, swollen kidneys, gout

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25
Q

a farmer brings 30 chickens that suddenly died, pefore death he noticed signs of depression and some had neurologic signs, do you suspect high or low path?

A

HIgh path AI

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26
Q

what are 2 clinical signs seen in high path AI that are not seen in low path AI?

A

+/- neuro signs, vasculitis

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27
Q

T/F some ai cases may require a Bio Safety Level 3?

A

True

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28
Q

what are 3 serologic tests that can be preformed to diagnose AI?

A

ELISA, HI, AGID

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29
Q

how is AI controlled?

A

High path-> quarantine and eradication

vectored vaccine in ovo at 18 1/2 days old (robot injection)

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30
Q

acute viral upper respiratory dz of chickens with the potential for renal and repro manifestations is consistent with what disease?

A

Infectious bronchitis

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31
Q

Infectious bronchitis belongs to what family of viruses

A

corona virus

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32
Q

corona viruses have tropism for what type of cells?

A

epithelial cells (impairs mucocilliary clearance)

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33
Q

which protein in infectious bronchitis is most important in regards to immunity?

A

S1 protein

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34
Q

How is infectious bronchitis transmitted

A

horizontal transmission

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35
Q

what are the lesions associated with IB?

A

catarrhal inflammation of the upper respiratory tract, swollen kidneys and uroliths
repro lesions

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36
Q

a chicken presents for lamness due to arthritis what should be a top differential?

A

Infectious Bronchitis (late stage)

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37
Q

what type of infections normally develop from IB?

A

secondary E. coli infections

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38
Q

what are IB differentials?

A

newcastle, influenza, other respiratory infections

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39
Q

how do you dx IB?

A

specimens, virus Isolation in SPF embryos, tracheal muccous with PCR

40
Q

is there a vaccine for IB?

A

yes (modified live)

41
Q

How is infectious laryngotracheitis characterized?

A

dyspnea and expectory of bloody exudate
acute viral dz of chickens, peafowl, pheasants
affects both commercial and backyard chickens

42
Q

what type of virus is ILT

A

herpes

43
Q

how is ILT spread?

A

horizontal transmission`(respiratory exudate and fomites)

44
Q

is ILT a very resistant disease?

A

no, envelope = easy to kill

45
Q

a chicken presents with head extension, coughing and dyspnea, what is a primary rule out?

A

infectious laryngeal trachyitis

46
Q

what type of cells would be diagnostic for ILT?

A

syncytial cells diagnostic for herpes virus

47
Q

how is ILT diagnosed?

A

histopath and sequencing

48
Q

what are the different methods of control for backyard flocks vs commercial flocks

A

backyard: tissue culture origin, eye drop application
commercial: chicken embryo origin, spray/water mass vaccinate, can not mix vaccinates with non vaccinates or infection will spread

49
Q

what is the respiratory vaccination protocol for all free range backyard flocks?

A

2-4 weeks old:
attenuated newcastle and IB via eye drop, attenuated box in the wing web
adequate for meat type birds (life span 8-10 weeks)

50
Q

chlamydiosis tends to infect what galliforme mainly?

A

turkeys (infects lots of other species too, can be zoonotic under certain conditions)

51
Q

In backyard galliforms, what dz would you typically see that isn’t seen in waterfowl or pet birds.

A

infectious coryza

52
Q

what are 3 intracellular bacteria mentioned?

A

chlamydiophyla
brucella
Mycoplasma (TB)

53
Q

what are some clinical signs associated with chlamydiophyla psittaci?

A

air saculitis, pericarditis

54
Q

a turkey presents for necropsy with an enlarged liver and spleen along with fibrinous exudate in the air sacs what is your primary rule out?

A

chlamydiosis

55
Q

what is a diagnostic lesion on histo path for chlamydiosis?

A

kupffer cells with red granules

56
Q

what are some diagnostics that can be performed for chlamydiosis?

A

cloacal swabs (swab air sacs, liver and spleen also possible)
PCR
Histo path

57
Q

what is the treatment of choice for chamydiosis?

A

tetracyclines (doxycycline)

58
Q

what are the pathogenic species of mycoplasmosis?

A

M. gallisepticum
M. synoviae
M. meleagridis

59
Q

Is Mycoplama gallisepticum commonly found in backyard flocks or commercial flocks?

A

backyard flocks

60
Q

how is mycoplasma gallisepticum tranmitted

A

horizontally and vertically

61
Q

what are the different lesions between M. gallisepticum and M. synoviae?

A

M. gallisepticum: upper respiratory mucosa, air sacculitis, meningitis, turkeys=>wryneck (extension of air sacs to cervical vertebrae)
M. synoviae: synovitis and respiratory disease
synovitis: hocks, wings and foot pads.

62
Q

what is the national plan for testing different types of poultry called?

A

National poultry improvement plan

63
Q

what is a definitive way to diagnose mycoplasma?

A

PCR and sequencing

64
Q

a farmer just bought chickens at a flea market and a majority of them are suffering from upper respiratroy signs and they have swollen warped joints. what is your primary rule out?

A

mycoplasma

65
Q

T/F secondary infection is common with mycoplasma infections

A

true

66
Q

is e. coli a primary problem?

A

no (normally seen in conjunction with another infection)

67
Q

what are the sources for colibascillosis infection?

A

poultry house dust and fecal contamination

68
Q

what is the most common final pathogen in many species of poultry

A

e. coli

69
Q

what type of control measures can be taken for e. coli?

A

closed water systems (nipple drinkers)

70
Q

how is infectious coryza transmitted?

A

horizontal (bird to bird via respiratory discharge)

71
Q

what are birds often coinfected with if they have infectious coryza?

A

mycoplasma

72
Q

what is the scientific name of infectious coryza?

A

avibacterium paragallinarum

73
Q

is infectious coryza more common in backyard or commercial?

A

backyard (also free range)

74
Q

what are differentials for infectious coryza?

A

newcastle, mycoplasma, IB, pox virus

75
Q

how is infectious coryza diagnosed?

A

culture and or PCR

76
Q

how can infectious coryza be treated?

A

erythromycin, oxytetracycline

77
Q

is a vaccine present for infectious coryza?

A

yes for high risk

78
Q

what is the scientific name for fowl colera

A

pasturella multocida

79
Q

what species are affected by fowl cholera

A

turkeys of all ages
mature chickens
ducks and geese
quail

80
Q

where is fowl cholera often found in the body

A

oral cavity

81
Q

what are signs often seen in avian cholera in turkeys ?

A

acute fatal fibrinous pneumonia and septicemia

82
Q

in addition to the oral cavity and lungs where else can avian cholera affect broiler breeds

A

joints

83
Q

how does fowl cholera affect shell quality

A

causes specific gravity to shift to left

84
Q

what is the most important thing in terms of control of fowl cholera

A

control rodent population

85
Q

which of the following is a commercial poultry risk?

a. infectious coryza
b. mycoplasma
c. blackhead
d. pasturellosis

A

pasturellosis

86
Q

what are the commercial poultry disease risks?

A 
pasturellosis
viral enteritis
laryngeo tracheitis
infectious bronchitis
tenosynovitis
87
Q

what is the most common fungal dz of avian species?

A

aspergillosis

88
Q

how does aspergilllosis affect eggs?

A

low egg specific gravity, full term eggs wont hatch

89
Q

what systems can aspergilosis effect?

A

eye: karatitis
brain: encephalitis

90
Q

what are the best shavings to use for litter in an aviary

A

pine wood shavings

hard woods are the worst

91
Q

is aspergillosis zoonotic?

A

yes

92
Q

what treatments are available for aspergillosis?

A

none really, cull infected birds, no vaccine

-easier to prevent

93
Q

what are the species of air sac mites that commonly infect birds especially finches

A

cytodites and sternasoma

94
Q

hypovitaminosis a in all species of birds primarily affects what systems?

A

respiratory, kidney, digestive glands (can also be present in eye)

95
Q

in pet birds a foregin body pneumonia can be due to what?

A

hypovitaminosis a

96
Q

what can hypovitaminosis A mimic?

A

aspergillosis and other respiratory dz

97
Q

what is the typical lesion seen on the skin for hypovitaminosos?

A

onion skin (no pustules)

vet exotics (2 decks)

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