Avain Health And Diseases Flashcards
What percentage over its ideal weight causes a bird to be classified as obese?
20% over it’s ideal weight
What types of birds is obesity common in?
Common in companion birds with high-fat diets (seeds, nuts, and many table foods), and a sedentary lifestyle.
What are some signs of obesity in birds ?
Lameness, difficulty breathing, arthritis, fatty liver’s disease p, coronary artery disease and heart disease
What are some treatments of obesity?
Pellet diet with portions control and exercise. Done with body condition chart.
What type of diet leads to a vitamin A deficiency ?
In nuts and seeds diet.
What are some signs of vitamin A deficiency?
Nasal discharge, sneezing, swelling around eyes, difficulty breathing
What are some treatments for vitamin A deficiency?
Formulated diet with right levels of vitamins
What happens if you have too much vitamin A?
It is toxic and lead to liver iron storage disease
What type of bird commonly h@ve iodine deficiency?
Budgies
What are some symptoms of iodine deficiency?
Enlarge thyroid gland, hash breathing and regurgitation
What are some treatments to iodine deficiency?
Iodine drops in their water
When is calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D3 imbalances common?
It happens with birds on seed diets (many in the parrots family)
What can having calcium , phosphorus and vitamin D3 imbalance lead to?
Metabolic bone disease
What are some treatments for calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D3 imbalances?
Calcium supplements and exposure to the order (uv lighting )
What birds are know to get iron storage?
Parrot and toucan
What is iron storage?
Is to much iron in the liver
What causes iron storage ?
Foods rich in vitamin C (citrus fruits)
What are some symptoms of iron storage?
Weight loss, depression, distended abdomen with fluid, difficulty breathing and circulatory failure.
What are treatments for iron storage?
Periodic removal of blood, trapping free iron and dietary modifications
What is vacuum activity?
-A behaviour that occurs without correct stimuli.
-is a fixed pattern to fill a need to behave
-this could be done to the wrong species or even rags
What is stereotypical activity?
-frequency misdiagnosis
-are repeated behaviour that appeases other stimuli
-associate with boredom
What are some common consideration of stereotypical behaviours?
-allo grooming ( other bird grooms them)
-auto grooming (themselves)
-picking and over heating
-biting
What can cause the egg to be vulnerable at the egg stage?
The wrong temperature or incorrect cooling and the partners diet.
What is clubbed feet?
Is often in hatchling where incubation temp is wrong and the chick has not hatched properly
What can correct club feet?
Taping from a young age
What causes slayed leg?
Is an issue with poor surface that young birds walk on. Can also occur in nest when parents sit too tight.
What can fix slayed leg?
Fixed by tying the legs, must allow to standing and walking. The dressing must be changed.
What is wry neck?
Is another development problem, chick hatch with twisted necks.
What fixes wry neck?
Never been fixed
Is wry neck fatal ?
No
What is angel wings?
A folding out of the carpels. As the wings grow the weight build making correction more difficult.
What causes angle wings?
Possibly due to high protein diet.
Possibly a physical trauma
What is th treatment for angel wings?
Strapping for young birds
What causes disease?
Pathogens challenge the immune system
What are the pathogens?
-Fungus
-parasites
-bacteria
-virus
-protozoan l
What are the bacterial diseases?
-Salmonella
-proteus
-E.coli
What are some viruses disease?
-Avian polyomavirus
-paramyxovirus
What are some fungal diseases?
-aspergillosis (farmer’s lung )
- mycormycosis (black mould)
What is a type of protozoan disease?
-giardia
-isopora
What is the best way to manage a disease?
Prevention is better the cure
What is hard about birds getting disease?
They can go down hill quickly as they only show signs near the end.
What are some prevention to stop the bird getting a disease?
-quarantine any new birds
-do not overcrowd birds
-avoid stressful environments
-proper diet
-maintain regular veterinary visits
How can you protect yourself from zoonotic diseases?
-PPE
-minimise contact
-vaccination
-Safe handling
What accommodation can you put into place to avoid stressing a prey bird?
-avoid load noise
-movements and housing near other animals that
What condition should sick birds be in?
- warm ( cold birds use energy)
-not dry (causes dehydration)
-not to high humidity
What can you do to make a sick birds eat?
-eaily accessible bowls and water
-scattering, small amount
-hand feeding
-favourite food
-syringe (last resort)
What can you put in water to help them drink it?
Honey
What does isolation mean ?
Complete separation from other animals
What does barrier nursing mean?
Reducing Rick of transmission between animals / people
What are the ways to administer medication?
-oral
-tropical
-sub- cutaneous
- intra-muscular
-intra venous
Why is record keeping important?
-it tacking disease and progress
- treatment given
- it meets legal requirements
What are some considerations when releasing an animal ?
- health enough?
- Carrie of disease
- location
-time of day - soft release
