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Pharm Test 1 > autopharm 1 > Flashcards

autopharm 1 Flashcards

1
Q

functions of the autonomic nervous system

A
  • Maintains homeostasis of key visceral functions
  • Control is involuntary
    > Respiration
    > Circulation
    > Digestion
    > Metabolism
    > Body temperature
    > Eliminatory organs
    > Endocrine and reproduction
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2
Q

where are the ganglia of autonomic nerves?

A

efferent pathways (outgoing)

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3
Q

are autonomic nerves myelinated or not?

A

n Myelinated preganglionic nerves (rapid impulse)
n Non-myelinated post-ganglionic nerves (slow impulse)

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4
Q

does the autonomic NS increase or decrease organ activity?

A

can do both

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5
Q

divisions of autonomic NS

A

SNS and PNS

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6
Q

organization of the ANS, central and peripheral

A

Central (hypothalamus, medulla oblongata, and spinal cord) ̈ Peripheral (pre- and post-ganglionic neurons; ganglia)

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7
Q

outflow of SNS vs PNS

A

S - thoracolumber
P - craniosacral (CN 3, 7, 9, 10)

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8
Q

ganglia organization of SNS vs PNS

A

S - near spinal cord
P - close to end organ

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9
Q

axon comparison SNS vs PNS

A

S -short preganglionic/ long postganglionic
P - long preganglionic/ short postganglionic

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10
Q

ratio of pre/post ganglionic neurons, SNS vs PNS

A

S - one pre to many post
P - one pre to one post

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11
Q

distribution of SNS vs PNS

A

S - generalized response, diffuse discharge
P - limited response, discrete discharge

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12
Q

how do SNS and PNS generally work together?

A

antagonists, generally
̈ Most viscera innvervated by both SNS and PNS
̈ Net activity is result of integration of both systems
̈ Activity of one system exaggerated by blocking the activity other system

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13
Q

is the PNS essential for life?

A

yes

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14
Q

what are the characteristics of the discharges of the PNS

A

discrete and localized

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15
Q

what are the general functions of the PNS?

A

̈ Functions to conserve and store energy

  • decreases Heart rate and blood pressure
  • Pupillary constriction
  • increases GI movements and secretions
  • increases Absorption of nutrients
  • Empties urinary bladder and rectum
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16
Q

is the SNS essential for life?

A

no

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17
Q

what are the general functions of the SNS? during stress?

A

> Involved in the expenditure of energy
-increase heart rate and blood pressure
-splenic contraction
-vasoconstriction of vessels in the skin
-pupillary dilation
-bronchodilation

̈ Fine adjustments made to a changing environment
̈ Can discharge as a single unit ie. flight or fright response !! ̈

During stress the SNS
§ Regulates body temperature
§ increase Blood glucose
§ Provides vascular response to hemorrhage
§ Responds to oxygen deficits
§ Responds to excitement or work
§ Provides resistance to fatigue
§ Causes pilomotor responses

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18
Q

Chemical transmission of nerve impulses in both PNS and SNS occurs between….

A

̈ Pre- and post-ganglionic neurons
̈ Post-ganglionic neurons and effector organ

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19
Q

what neurotransmitter do cholinergic neurons use? What neurons are this type?

A

̈ Synthesize and release acetylcholine (ACh)

̈ Include the following neurons
> All motor fibers (somatic) to skeletal muscle (Not part of ANS)
> All pre-ganglionic efferent neurons of both SNS and PNS
> Post-ganglionic neurons of PNS

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20
Q

what neurotransmitter do adrenergic neurons use?

A
  • Synthesize and release catecholamines Norepinephrine
    n Norepinephrine (NE)
    n Epinephrine (adrenal medulla)
    n Limited release of dopamine by some neurons
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21
Q

Which neurons in the body are adrenergic?

A

n Post-ganglionic neurons of SNS
n Adrenal medulla (modified sympathetic ganglion)
> Receives sympathetic pre-ganglionic fibers
> Releases primarily epinephrine and some NE

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22
Q

how is norepinephrine produced?

A

-tyrosine taken up by the cell
-tyrosine hydroxylase converts tyr to DOPA
-dopa decarboxylase converts DOPA to dopamine
-dopamine > NE

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23
Q

what type of adrenoceptors are there?

A

alpha 1,2
beta 1,2,3

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24
Q

how is acetylecholine produced?

A

nerve cell takes up choline
-combines with AcCoA from mitochondria to make ACh
-after release, acetyl cholinesterases separate into choline, acetate

25
Q

what type of cholinoreceptors are there?

A

nicotinic - Nn, Nm
muscarinic - M 1,2,3,4,5

26
Q

functions of SNS during stress

A

During stress the SNS
§ Regulates body temperature
§ increase Blood glucose
§ Provides vascular response to hemorrhage
§ Responds to oxygen deficits
§ Responds to excitement or work
§ Provides resistance to fatigue
§ Causes pilomotor responses

27
Q

SNS and PNS effects on general homeostasis?

A

SNS:
-stress response
-expends energy

PNS:
-maintains homeostasis
-saves energy

28
Q

SNS effects on SA and AV nodes, and relevant receptors

A

-increase rate, conduction > B1

29
Q

SNS effects on cardiac muscle, and relevant receptors

A

-increase contractility > B1

30
Q

Effects of SNS on heart and relevant receptors

A

-increase rate/conduction of SA, AV nodes > B1
-increase contractility of cardiac muscle > B1

31
Q

Effects of PNS on heart, and relevant receptors

A

-decrease rate of SA, AV nodes: M2
-decrease contractility of cardiac muscle: M2

32
Q

action of SNS on blood vessel SM and relevant receptors

A

Smooth muscle
-constriction of skin, splanchnic vessels: a1
-dilation of skeletal muscle vessels: b2 & M3

33
Q

action of PNS on blood vessels and relevant receptors

A

-endothelium, release of endothelial relaxation factor (NO): M3

34
Q

effect of SNS on splenic SM and receptor

A

-contraction, a1

35
Q

effect of SNS on bronchiolar SM and receptor

A

-relaxation, b2

36
Q

effect of PNS on bronchiolar SM and receptor

A

constriction, M3

37
Q

effect of SNS on GI tract SM and receptors

A

-walls, decreased motility; a2, b2
-sphincters, contraction; a1

38
Q

effect of PNS on GI tract SM and receptors

A

-walls, increase motility; M3
-sphincters, relaxes; M3

39
Q

SNS effect on bladder and receptors

A

-bladder wall, relaxes; b2
-sphincter, contracts; a1

40
Q

PNS effect on bladder and receptors

A

-bladder wall, contraction; M3
-sphincter, relaxation; M3

41
Q

SNS effect on pregnant uterus and receptors

A

-relaxes; b2
-contracts; a1

42
Q

SNS effect on penis, sem. ves. and receptors

A

-ejaculation; a1

43
Q

PNS effect on penis, sem. ves. and receptors

A

-erection; M3

44
Q

SNS effect on salivary gland and receptors

A

-increase secretion; a1
>minimal, viscous

45
Q

PNS effect on salivary gland and receptors

A

-increase secretion; M3
>profuse, watery

46
Q

SNS effect on liver and receptors

A

glycogenolysis/ gluconeogenesis; a1, b2

47
Q

SNS effect on adipose tissue and receptors

A

lipolysis; a1, b1, b2, b3

48
Q

SNS effect on kidney and receptors

A

renin release; b1

49
Q

SNS effect on pancreas beta cells and receptors

A

-decrease secretion; a2
-increase secretion; b2

50
Q

SNS effect on iris and receptor

A

contraction of radial muscle (mydriasis); a1

51
Q

PNS effect on iris and receptor

A

contraction of sphincter muscle (miosis); M3

52
Q

effect of SNS on ciliary muscle and receptor

A

relaxation for far vision; b2

53
Q

effect of PNS on ciliary muscle and receptor

A

contraction for near vision; M3

54
Q

effect of PNS on lacrimal tear glands and receptor

A

secretion, m3

55
Q

effect of SNS on sympathetic nerve terminals and receptors

A

-autoreceptors, decrease NE release; a2

56
Q

effect of PNS on sympathetic nerve terminals and receptors

A

-heteroreceptors, decrease NE release; M2

57
Q

effect of SNS on parasympathetic nerve terminals and receptor

A

-heteroreceptor, decrease ACh release; a2

58
Q

effect of PNS on parasympathetic nerve terminals and receptor

A

-autoreceptor, decrease ACh release; M2

Pharm Test 1 (15 decks)

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