Autophagy, pigments, intracell storage material & calcification Flashcards
Intracell storage of Materials
- nutrients
- degraded phospholipids
- substances that can’t be metabolized
- overload of normal body constituents
- abnormal protein
Increase intracell fat storage
Xanthomas
Intracell accumulation of normal proteins
- reabsorption of protein droplets in proximal convoluted tubules of kidney in hyperproteinuria= hyaline droplets
- Russell bodies in plasma cells- immunoglobulins
Hyaline Droplets
eosinophilic droplets
Russell Bodies
A1 antitrypsin deficiency
mutations in coding gene leads to insolublule prot- not easily transported from hepatocytes
- emphysema from lack of activity in serum
- liver cirrhosis due to storage damage- apoptosis
Cytoskeletal protein accumulate
intermed filaments- keratin
- mallory bodies- hepatocel inclusions in alcoholic liver injury
Neurofilaments
- neurofibrillary tangle-alzheimer disease
Aggregation abnorm proteins/folding
Proteinopathies
- Amyloid
A1 antitrypsin
PAS & Diastase stain protein in liver
Mallory bodies/alcoholic hyaline
eosinophilic intracell cytoplasmic inclusions in hepatocytes
Made of cytokeratin
Alcohol related toxic metabolic liver disease
Neurofibrillary tangles
Hyaline
Generic morphological descriptor used to describe material that has red, amorphous, homogenous appearance when stained w/ H& E
Extra & intracell locations
- amyloid
- collagen
- alc hyaline in liver
- hyalin mem in lungs
- hyalin BM in BVs
Mallory Bodies- hyaline
BV showing hyaline change
Diabetes Mellitus & long standing hyperT
Amyloid
hyaline deposits in kidney glomeruli
Multiple Myeloma
Congo red stain!
Glycogen Storage
- inborn errors of metabolism where glycogen degradation enz are impaired or absent
- G6PD
- Hyperglycemia increases glycogen storage
Glycogen Storage Disease
Intracell Accumulation of non digestible substance & pigments
Exogenous
- anthracosis C- coal dust
- tattooing
Endogenous
- lipofuscin
- melanin
- hemosiderin
- bilirubin
Anthracosis
store C particles in alveolar macrophages in lung & macrophages in LN
inhaled particulates from fossil fuels
indigestible & resides indef in these cells
cigarette smokers have pronounced deposits
Anthracosis
Lung
Anthracosis
in hilar LN
Tattoos
Insolub metallic or vegetable pigments skin macrophages
Lipofuscin
lipids & proteins= ceroid
- accumulates by ox, cross linked prot & is indigestible
- in neurons & myocardial cells & hepatocytes
- non toxic
- wear & tear
Lipofuscin liver
Melanin
- In epidermal cells of skin & eye
- In melanosomes- tyr ox product polymerization
- protects from UV light
- Found in neoplasms
Melanin in melanoma
Fe
Storage proteins- ferritin & hemosiderin
- in liver & bone marrow- ferritin
- spleen, bone marrow & Kupffer cells- hemosiderin
Increased Fe stored intracell leads to progressive hemosiderosis
Hemosiderin
Hemosiderin
Left heart failure. alveolar macrophages
Bilirubin
- liver damage
- obstruction in bile flow
- hemolysis in hemolytic anemia
Liver with intracanalicular bile plugs
jaundice
Dystrophic calcification
macroscopic depostion of Ca2+ salts in injured tissue
When have persistent necrotic tissue
TB or calcific aortic stenosis
Stenosed Aortic valve
Dystrophic Calcification in Stomach
Psammoma Body
Calcified material creates lamellated appearance
Metastatic calcification
ABNROM Ca2+ metabolism
Lung Calcification X ray
Nephrocalcinosis
