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Pathology > Autophagy, pigments, intracell storage material & calcification > Flashcards

Autophagy, pigments, intracell storage material & calcification Flashcards

1
Q

Intracell storage of Materials

A
  • nutrients
  • degraded phospholipids
  • substances that can’t be metabolized
  • overload of normal body constituents
  • abnormal protein
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2
Q

Increase intracell fat storage

A
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3
Q
A
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4
Q

Xanthomas

A
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5
Q

Intracell accumulation of normal proteins

A
  • reabsorption of protein droplets in proximal convoluted tubules of kidney in hyperproteinuria= hyaline droplets
  • Russell bodies in plasma cells- immunoglobulins
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6
Q

Hyaline Droplets

A

eosinophilic droplets

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7
Q

Russell Bodies

A
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8
Q

A1 antitrypsin deficiency

A

mutations in coding gene leads to insolublule prot- not easily transported from hepatocytes

  • emphysema from lack of activity in serum
  • liver cirrhosis due to storage damage- apoptosis
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9
Q

Cytoskeletal protein accumulate

A

intermed filaments- keratin

  • mallory bodies- hepatocel inclusions in alcoholic liver injury

Neurofilaments

  • neurofibrillary tangle-alzheimer disease
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10
Q

Aggregation abnorm proteins/folding

A

Proteinopathies

  • Amyloid
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11
Q

A1 antitrypsin

A

PAS & Diastase stain protein in liver

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12
Q

Mallory bodies/alcoholic hyaline

A

eosinophilic intracell cytoplasmic inclusions in hepatocytes

Made of cytokeratin

Alcohol related toxic metabolic liver disease

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13
Q

Neurofibrillary tangles

A
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14
Q

Hyaline

A

Generic morphological descriptor used to describe material that has red, amorphous, homogenous appearance when stained w/ H& E

Extra & intracell locations

  • amyloid
  • collagen
  • alc hyaline in liver
  • hyalin mem in lungs
  • hyalin BM in BVs
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15
Q

Mallory Bodies- hyaline

A
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16
Q

BV showing hyaline change

A

Diabetes Mellitus & long standing hyperT

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17
Q

Amyloid

A

hyaline deposits in kidney glomeruli

Multiple Myeloma

Congo red stain!

18
Q

Glycogen Storage

A
  • inborn errors of metabolism where glycogen degradation enz are impaired or absent
  • G6PD
  • Hyperglycemia increases glycogen storage
19
Q

Glycogen Storage Disease

A
20
Q

Intracell Accumulation of non digestible substance & pigments

A

Exogenous

  • anthracosis C- coal dust
  • tattooing

Endogenous

  • lipofuscin
  • melanin
  • hemosiderin
  • bilirubin
21
Q

Anthracosis

A

store C particles in alveolar macrophages in lung & macrophages in LN

inhaled particulates from fossil fuels

indigestible & resides indef in these cells

cigarette smokers have pronounced deposits

22
Q

Anthracosis

A

Lung

23
Q

Anthracosis

A

in hilar LN

24
Q

Tattoos

A

Insolub metallic or vegetable pigments skin macrophages

25
Q

Lipofuscin

A

lipids & proteins= ceroid

  • accumulates by ox, cross linked prot & is indigestible
  • in neurons & myocardial cells & hepatocytes
  • non toxic
  • wear & tear
26
Q

Lipofuscin liver

A
27
Q

Melanin

A
  • In epidermal cells of skin & eye
  • In melanosomes- tyr ox product polymerization
  • protects from UV light
  • Found in neoplasms
28
Q

Melanin in melanoma

A
29
Q

Fe

A

Storage proteins- ferritin & hemosiderin

  • in liver & bone marrow- ferritin
  • spleen, bone marrow & Kupffer cells- hemosiderin

Increased Fe stored intracell leads to progressive hemosiderosis

30
Q

Hemosiderin

A
31
Q

Hemosiderin

A

Left heart failure. alveolar macrophages

32
Q

Bilirubin

A
  1. liver damage
  2. obstruction in bile flow
  3. hemolysis in hemolytic anemia
33
Q

Liver with intracanalicular bile plugs

A

jaundice

34
Q

Dystrophic calcification

A

macroscopic depostion of Ca2+ salts in injured tissue

When have persistent necrotic tissue

TB or calcific aortic stenosis

35
Q

Stenosed Aortic valve

A
36
Q

Dystrophic Calcification in Stomach

A
37
Q

Psammoma Body

A

Calcified material creates lamellated appearance

38
Q

Metastatic calcification

A

ABNROM Ca2+ metabolism

39
Q

Lung Calcification X ray

A
40
Q

Nephrocalcinosis

A

Pathology (8 decks)

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