Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

IC > Autonomics Pharmacology > Flashcards

Autonomics Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy of ANS

A
  • autonomous (independent, not under conscious control)
  • CO, blood flow, digestion
  • afferent (sensory) inputs which send information into CNS
  • Output through reflex arcs of varying size and complexity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

SNS

A
  • sympathetic
  • efferent arises from thoracolumbar outputs (preganglionic terminate in ganglia (paravertebral chains) and post ganglionic fibers innervate peripheral tissues (post ganglionic fibers are long)
  • SYmpathetic actions are broad and diffuse;
  • Recruited in times of stress
  • Cardiac stimulation, increase blood glucose, cutaneous vasoconstriction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Adrenal medulla

A

Modified sympathetic ganglion

-Receives symp preganglionic fibers and releases epinephrine and norepinephrine into blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

PNS

A

Craniosacral outputs

  • preganglionic fibers terminate in parasympathetic ganglia (typically close to peripheral end organ)
  • Post ganglionic fibers originate in ganglia and innervate organs (shorter post ganglionic fibers)
  • Produces energy conservation, tonic activity
  • Major underlying tone at most end organs (not vasculature)
  • Slowing of heart, stimulate digestion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Enteric nervous system

A
  • walls of GI system
  • Third division of ANS
  • Myenteric plexus (plexus of auerbach) and submucous plexus (plexus of meissner)
  • Preganglionic PNS and postganglionic SNS inputs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Parasympathetic post ganglionic neurons are ____

A

Cholinergic; release acetylcholine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Predominant post ganglionic sympathetic mediators are ____

A
  • Post ganglionic sympathetic neurons release Norepinephrine

- Adrenals release epinephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

All preganglionic neurons release

A

Acetylcholine via nicotinic receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Co-transmitters

A
  • Ach + vasointestinal peptide
  • NE + neuropeptide Y
  • Peptides provide long lasting, slowly developing activation of post synaptic target tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Acetylcholine

A
  • Synthesized by choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)
  • Acetyl-CoA synthesized in mitochondria, choline transportedinto neurone
  • ACh transported into small clear vesicles
  • Release of transmitter is calcium dependent (influx via action potentials) (blocked by botulinum toxin)
  • ACh binds to receptors on post synaptic membrane
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Acetylcholinesterase

A

AChE catabolizes ACh

  • Breaks ACh into choline and acetate
  • Duration of 1/2 life of ACh is short because high affinity of AChE to ACh
  • pseudoAChE (butyrylcholinesterase) in other tissues as well (RBCs) break down ACh so the amt of ACh in blood stream and tissues is not high
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Formation of NE

A

NE product in SNS (in adrenal, EPI)
-Conversion ot tyrosine to dopa is rate limiting (via tyrosine hydroxylase)
-Dopa converted to dopamine via dopa decarboxylase
-Dopa converted to NE via dopamine beta hydroxylase
-Storage inhibited by reserpine
-Release blocked by guanethidine and bretylium
-Uptake 1 transports cats into neuron (inhibited by cocaine)- not broken down, but taken up
-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Reserpine

A

Inhibits VMAT and prevents storage of catelcholamines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cocaine

A

Inhibits uptake 1 of NE- so NE stays in synaptic cleft longer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Tyramine and amphetamines

A

Enter via uptake 1 and displace NE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Two enzymes that degrade catecholamines

A
  • Monoamine oxidase (MAO) in mitochondria of nerve terminal
  • Catechol-o-methyl transferase (COMT) in postjunctional cell
  • Metabolize catecholamines to VMA (excreted in urine and can be used to measure sympathetic activity)
17
Q

Muscarinic receptors

A
  • G protein receptors

- Respond to ACh

18
Q

Nicotinic receptors

A
  • Ion channels, gate K and Na

- Respond to ACh

19
Q

Adrenoreceptors

A
  • Respond to catecholamines
  • Alpha and beta adrenoreceptors
  • Differ based on how they respond to catecholamines
20
Q

Nonadrenergic, Noncholinergic Neurons (NANC)

A
  • Use peptides, NO, purines

- Important in GI and GU system fxn

21
Q

Central integration

A
  • Midbrain and medulla
  • Integrate information from sensory inputs and higher CNS influence
  • Output by SNS and PNS and endocrine system are integrated
22
Q

Dual innervation

A
  • Opposing actions at end organs (eye)
  • No cholinergic innervation of peripheral vasculature (no parasympathetic tone!)
  • Peripheral vasculature does have cholinergic receptors that can be activated pharmacologically by ACh , mediated by NO and elicits vasodilation (but does not mimic parasympathetic activity)
23
Q

Modification of MAP

A
  • Mean arterial pressure
  • Main variable that is controlled by ANS
  • Altering MAP will stimulate compensatory reactions by ANS- increased peripheral resistance (sympathetic control), tachy/bradycardia
24
Q

Presynaptic regualtion

A
  • Autoreceptors on presynpatic neuron terminals (inhibiting vesicular release)
  • Heterologous action
25
Q

pupillary dilator

A

-iris, adrenergic receptors contract

26
Q

pupillary constrictor

A

-iris, muscarinic receptors contract

27
Q

ciliary muscle

A

muscarinic receptors contract

28
Q

secretory epithelium of ciliary body

A

adrenergic receptors stimulate formation of aqueous humor which drains via canal of schlemm (in ciliary body)

29
Q

muscarinic agonists in eye causes

A
  • contraction of circular pupillary constrictor muscle- miosis (small pupil)
  • contraction of ciliary muscle (Accomodation) putting tension on trabecular meshwork, opening pores and facilitating outflow of aqueous humor
30
Q

alpha adrenoreceptors of eye

A

contract radial pupillary dilator muscles -mydriasis (open pupil)

31
Q

beta-adrenoreceptors

A

act on ciliary epithelium to secrete aqueous humor

-blockade reduces secretion- useful in glaucoma

32
Q

post synaptic regulatio

A
  • lack of activation leads to denervation supersensitivity; upregulation of postsynaptic receptor number and/or affinity
  • persistent activation- desensitization, down-regulation of receptor number, affinity, or coupling, and internalization or phosphorylation of receptor proteins
33
Q

sympathomimetic

A

drug producing the effects of SNS

34
Q

sympatholytic

A

antagonistic to or inhibiting action of SNS

IC (31 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions