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Pharm > Autonomics > Flashcards

Autonomics Flashcards

1
Q

What is the applications for clonidine?

A

hypertensive urgency (renal blood flow preserved)
ADHD
Tourettes

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2
Q

What are the toxicity of clonidine?

A 
CNS depression
Resp depression
Bradycardia
Hypotension
Miosis
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3
Q

what are the applications for a-methyl dopa?

A

hypertension in pregnancy

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4
Q

What are the toxicities for a-methyl dopa?

A

combs positive hemolytic anemia

SLE -like syndrome

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5
Q

Applications for phenoxybenzamine?

A

irreversible alpha blockers for control of pheo (catecholamine HT crisis)

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6
Q

What are the side effects of phenoxybenzamine?

A

orthostatic hypotension

reflex tachycardia

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7
Q

What are the applications for phentolamine?

A

Control for people who eat tyronine containing food on MAO inhibitors

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8
Q

What are the toxcities for phentolamine?

A

orthostatic hypotension

reflex tachycardia

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9
Q

What are the functions of mao inhibitors?

A

prevent the breakdown of monoamine neurotransmitters catecholamines, neurotransmitters

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10
Q

MAO toxicity with tyromine containing foods

A

HT crisis
(liver, alcoholic beverages, aged cheese)
Increases NE release

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11
Q

What are MAO inhibitors?

A

Nardil, Parmate, Marplan

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12
Q

What is prazosin used to treat?

A

BPH, HT, PTSD (only prazosin)

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13
Q

What is tamsulosin used to treat?

A

just BPH

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14
Q

What is the toxicities of alph1 selective blockers?

A

1st use orthostatic HT, dizziness, headache

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15
Q

What is the name of the a2 receptor blocker?

A

mirtazapine

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16
Q

What is mirtazapine used to treat?

A

depression

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17
Q

What are the side effects of mirtazapine?

A

sedation, increase serum cholesterol, increased appetite

18
Q

Fetal effects of ACE inhibitors?

A

Renal damage

19
Q

Fetal effects of alkalating agents?

A

absence of digits, multiple anomalies

20
Q

Fetal effects of aminoglycosides

A

Ototoxicity (CN VIII tox)

21
Q

Fetal effect of carbamazepine?

A

Facial dysmorphism, developmental delay, neural tube defects, phalynx and fingernail hypoplasia

22
Q

Fetal effects of diethylstilbestrol (DES)

A

vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma, congenital mullerian anomalies

23
Q

Fetal effect of folate antagonists

A

neural tube defects

24
Q

Fetal effect of isotretinoin

A

(acutane)

multiple severe anomalies

25
Q

Fetal effect of lithium

A

Ebstien anomaly

26
Q

Fetal effect of methimazole

A

Aplasia cutis congenita

27
Q

Fetal effect of phenytoin

A

fetal hydantoin syndrome: cleft palate, cardiac defects, phalynx/fingernail hypoplasia

28
Q

Fetal effects of tetracycline

A

Discoloration of teeth

29
Q

Fetal effects of thalidomide

A

limb defects (phocomelia, micromelia, “flipper limbs”)

30
Q

Fetal defects associated with valproate

A

inhibits maternal folate absorption and causes neural tube defects

31
Q

Fetal defects associated with warfarin?

A

Fetal hemorrhage and abortion

Bone defects, opthalmologic abnormalities

32
Q

Fetal defects associated with cocaine use

A

abnormal fetal growth and addiction

Placental abruption

33
Q

Fetal defects associated with smoking

A 
low birth weight (MCC low birth weight developed countries)
preterm labor
placenta problems
IUGR
ADHAD
34
Q

Fetal defects associated with lack or excess of iodine

A

Goiter or hypothyroidism –> cretinism

35
Q

Fetal defects associated with maternal diabetes

A

Caudal regression syndrome (anal atresia to sirenomelia)
congenital heart defects (TGA)
neural tube defects

36
Q

Fetal defects associated with vit A excess

A 
High risk for spontaneous abortion
Birth defects (cleft palate, cardiac issues)
37
Q

Fetal defects associated with x-ray exposure

A 
microcephaly
intellectual disability (minimize by lead shielding)
38
Q

What is the mcc intellectual disability in the US

A

Fetal alcohol syndrome

39
Q

What are the defects of fetal alcohol syndrome?

A

retardation, microcephaly, facial issues (smooth philtrum, hypertelorism = wide spaced eyes), limb dislocation, and heart defects
Most severe = heart-lung fistulas, holoprosencephaly

40
Q

Why does alcohol cause fetal problems?

A

Interferes with cell migration

Pharm (4 decks)

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