Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

4.a. Physiology > Autonomics > Flashcards

Autonomics Flashcards

1
Q

Botulinum toxin

A

prevent release of ACh

Degrades synaptobrevin (SNARE) and prevents vesicle fusion / exocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Edrophonium

A

Reversible Anti-cholinesterase

Short duration of action; Useful for diagnosing Myasthenia gravis (MG) and Eaton Lambert

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Neostigmine and Physostigmine

A

Longer duration of action; useful for treating MG; reversal of neuromuscular blockers
(Physostigmine crosses BBB – good for CNS e.g. atropine poisoning)

Hydrolysed by AChE so that a covalent bond forms increasing the ½ life of the AChE inhibition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Malathion

A

Irreversible anti-cholinesterase, toxic, commonly used in pesticides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Pilocarpine

A

Muscarinic Receptor Agonist

Used to treat glaucoma by activating receptors on circular muscles of eye causing miosis; drains aqueous humor – decreasing intraocular pressure

• Used to treat dry mouth in Sjogrens Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Methacholine

A

Muscarinic Receptor Agonist

3x more resistant to hydrolysis by AChE
• Possesses little affinity for nicotinic receptors
• Used in diagnosis of asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Bethanecol

A

Muscarinic Receptor Agonist

Almost completely selective for muscarinic receptors
• Agent of choice for promoting GI and urinary tract motility; assists in bladder emptying
• Particularly post-operative, post-partum and drug-related urine retention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Atropine

A

Muscarinic Receptor Antagonists

Poison found in certain plants

Competitive antagonists
• Allows sympathetic responses to predominate

•Atropine used clinicall to reduce all of the following: SLUDGE mnemonic
S – Salivation
L – Lacrimation
U – Urination
D – Diaphoresis (sweating)
G – GIT motility
E - Emesis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Succinylcholine

A

Neuromuscular Nicotinic Agonists

Depolarizing Neuromuscular Blocker. channel continuously open causing desensitizing of the receptor leading to paralysis.

Used to produce paralysis of pharyngeal muscles for intubation and ventilation (short procedures)

Side Effects and Adverse Reactions:
• Bradycardia, K+ release (from prolonged depolarization), prolonged paralysis; malignant hyperthermia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Pancuronium

A

Neuromuscular Nicotinic Antagonists

Prevents opening of receptors leading to paralysis.

Uses: Induction of muscle paralysis (flaccid) in surgery (long procedures) overcome by Ach

Side effects: Hypertension, apnea, bronchospasm, salivation, flushing and respiratory failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Phenylephrine

A

Alpha 1 Agonist

Nasal decongestant; treatment of shock
Side effects: Hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Prazosin

A

Alpha 1 Antagonist

Treatment for hypertension and benign prostatic
hyperplasia

Side effects: Postural orthostatic/ hypotension related to 1st dose phenomena

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Tamsulosin

A

Alpha 1 Antagonist

Treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia More
selective for genitourinary smooth muscle receptor subtype (a1A)

Side effects: Less postural / orthostatic hypotension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Clonidine

A

Alpha 2 Agonist

Treatment for hypertension and opioid withdrawal
• Side Effects: Bradycardia & hypotension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Oxymetaxoline

A

Alpha 1 and Alpha 2 agonist

•Topical/Nasal decongestant (Vicks, Sudafed, Afrin, Dristan); treats ocular hyperemia - eye redness (Visine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Phenoxybenzamine

A

Alpha 1 and Alpha 2 Antagonist

  • Non-selective, non-competitive
  • Irreversable

• Manages hypertension caused by pheochromocytoma

17
Q

Phentolamine

A

Alpha 1 and Alpha 2 Antagonist

  • Reversible, competitive antagonist
  • Manages hypertension caused by pheochromocytoma
18
Q

Dobutamine

A

Beta 1 Agonist

increased contractility and cardiac output but not heart rate – nio change in peripheral resistance

Short half life due to COMT metabolism

Used in ACUTE management of heart failure

19
Q

Albuterol

A

Beta 2 Agonist

Used as “asthma reliever‟. Rapid action (15 min) relative short duration (4-6 hours)

20
Q

Pindolol

A

Partial Beta Agonist

Clinically used for treatment of hypertension in
patients with bradycardia or low cardiac reserve

21
Q

Atenolol

A

Beta 1 Antagonist

Treats hypertension and angina, reduces blood
volume via ↓ renin production

Side Effects: Sedation and dyspnea

22
Q

Propranolol

A

Nonselective Beta Antagonist

Treatment for hypertension & angina

Side effects: More severe sedation, bronchoconstriction and dyspnea

23
Q

Amphetamines

A

Inhibitor of CA storage

Displaces endogenous CA from storage vesicles
Blocks Norepinephrine Transporter (NET)
Weak inhibitor of MAO

24
Q

Ephedrine & Pseudoephedrine

A

Inhibitor of CA storage

Used for nasal decongestion – increase NE activity at post synaptic Alpha- and Beta-receptors

25
Q

Cocaine

A

Inhibotor of NE uptake via transporter (NET)

26
Q

Imipramine

A

Re-uptake inhibitor (NET)

Used for treating mild depression

Side effects: Postural hypotension & tachycardia

4.a. Physiology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions