Autonomic System Flashcards
In a post ganglionic neuron, what does Sympathetic Nervous System use?
no epinephrine
Describe the Raynaud Phenomenon
reduction in blood flow primarily to the fingers. Often occurs during exposure to cold or during a stressful situation. Originally thought to be an increase in sympathetic activity, but the mechanisms are not really known
How does the CNS show signs of toxicity of organophosphate poisoning?
cognitive disturbances, convulsions, seizures, and possibly a coma
in a post ganglionic neuron, what does the sympathetic nervous system use?
norepinephrine
in a preganglionic neuron, does acetylcholine affect both parasympathetic and sympathetic or not?
acetylcholine affects both parasympathetic and sympathetic
in the post ganglionic neuron, in the sympathetic nervous system, what structure is utilized for norepinephrine?
adrenal medulla
in the postganglionic neuron, for the parasympathetic nervous system, what hormone is involved?
Acetylcholine
In the Sympathetic nervous system, what receptors are used?
Alpha 1, Beta 1, and Beta 2 receptors
What are examples of symptoms that occurs from Horner’s Syndrome?
anhidrosis (reduced sweating), ptosis (drooping eyelid), and miosis (constricted pupil)
What are the earliest signs that can show that one has organophosphate poisoning?
small pupils, excessive salivation, sweating, parasympathetics response (bronchial constriction, vomiting, and diarrhea)
What receptor has a greater affinity for Epinephrine in the Sympathetic Nervous System?
B1 and B2 receptors
What has a greater affinity for norepinephrine in the Sympathetic Nervous System?
Alpha 1 receptors
What is another name for the Parasympathetic Nervous System?
Rest and Digest
What is another name for the Sympathetic Nervous System?
Fight or Flight
What is the function of the Alpha 1 receptors?
constriction of the GI tract, veins of smooth muscle (pushes blood back into the heart)
What is Horner Syndrome?
A rare disorder that results in interruption of preganglionic or postganglionic sympathetic innervation to the face. It can occur due to injury to the nerves, carotid artery, or stroke in the brain stem. It occurs unilaterally.
What is M3?
Smooth muscle and glands receptor
What is M2 receptor?
Heart receptor
What is the function of the Beta 1 receptors in the Sympathetic Nervous System?
Vasodilation; heart; increase in activity
What is the main functions of the Beta 2 receptors in the Sympathetic Nervous System?
bronchodilation (allows for more oxygen to come in); lungs, GI tract, and Skeletal Muscle
What is the mechanism for Organophosphate poisoning?
Prolongs the effects of acetylcholine, inhibitors are readily absorbed by the skin, gut, lung, and conjunctiva
What organs are only innervated by the Parasympathetic Nervous System?
Lacrimal Gland, Ciliary Muscle, and Sublingual Salivary Glands
What organs are only involved in the Sympathetic Nervous System
Adrenal Gland, most blood vessels, hair follicles, and sweat glands
What other areas can influence the ANS?
Limbic System, Amygdala, Periaqueductal gray (from midbrain)
What type of fiber is involved in postganglionic neurons?
unmyelinated C fibers
Where is the Enteric Nervous System located?
In the GI tract. It contains both Parasympathetic and Sympathetic nerves
Where is the Myenteric Plexus located?
located on the outside of the digestive tract
Where is the Parasympathetic Nervous System located?
In the brain stem and in the sacral portion of the spinal cord
Where is the Submucosal Plexus located?
On the inside of the GI tract
Where is the Sympathetic Nervous System located?
In the intermediolateral cell column of the spinal cord
What does the ANS regulate?
blood flow and blood pressure, heart rate, airflow through bronchial tree, gastrointestinal motility, urinary bladder contraction, glandular secretions, pupillary diameter, body temperature, and sexual physiology
What systems have dual innervation that are agonistic?
heart, digestive tract, airways, and the urinary bladder
The Effector organ: Eye
What is the Parasympathetic Nervous System response, Receptor Type, and the Sympathetic Nervous System response?
Parasympathetic: contraction (miosis) and contraction for near vision
Receptor Type: Alpha 1
Sympathetic: contraction (only for the radial muscle of the irirs)
Effector Organ: Heart
What is the Parasympathetic Nervous System response, Receptor type, and the Sympathetic Nervous System response
Parasympathetic: decreased heart rate (SA node), decreased atrial contractile (atria and ventricle), and decreased conduction velocity (AV node and Purkinje fibers)
Receptor: Beta 1 receptors, except Beta 2 and 1 receptor for the Atria and Ventricle
Sympathetic: increased heart rate, contractile, increased conduction velocity
