Autonomic- Sympathetic Division Flashcards
What neurotransmitter is used in the preganglionic synapse of the sympathetic and parasympathetic division?
Acetylcholine
Where is the preganglionic neuron cell body in the sympathetic division?
Located in the lateral horn of levels T1-L2
What neurotransmitter is used in the postganglionic synapse in the sympathetic nervous system?
Epinephrine.
Briefly describe the distinction of organization in the sympathetic vs parasympathetic nervous system.
Sympathetic- the preganglionic nerve fibers are very short, the sympathetic ganglion is located near the spinal cord and the postganglionic nerve fibers are very long.
Parasympathetic- the preganglionic nerve fibers are long, the ganglion is on or near the target tissue and the postganglionic nerve fibers are short.
Where are the preganglionic cell bodies located in the sympathetic NS?
Lateral horn
Where are the postganglionic cell bodies located in the sympathetic NS?
In the sympathetic ganglion
What spinal nerves carry sympathetic fibers?
T1-L2
By what rout do sympathetic fibers reach the cranium and cranial nerves?
The paravertebral chain ascends in the neck to the superior cervical ganglion. From there, the postganglionic fibers ascend via the carotid plexus to its cranial destination. Also some of these nerve fibers distribute to the terminal end of cranial nerves.
Are the sympathetic fibers that reach the cranial areas pre or postganglionic?
POSTGANGLIONIC!
what effect does sympathetic activation have on salivation?
sympathetic stimulation increases saliva secretion, although to a lesser extent than parasympathetic, increases mucus secretion, making the saliva much more viscous.
what effect does sympathetic activation have on pupil reflex?
Dilates pupil
what effect does sympathetic activation have on blood vessel diameter?
Constricts diameter
what effect does sympathetic activation have on bronchi?
Dilates bronchi
what effect does sympathetic activation have on heart rate?
Increases
What is the pathway of sympathetic innervation to the eye?
Beginning at the lateral horn, the preganglionic fibers ascend to the superior portion of the cervical sympathetic ganglion and synapse w the postganglionic cell bodies. From there the post fibers travel to the eye.
Pupillary dilation
1° (Posterior hypothalamus → Ciliospinal center) → 2° (Superior cervical ganglion) → 3° (Sympathetic root of ciliary ganglion → Nasociliary nerve → Long ciliary nerves → Iris dilator muscle)