Autonomic Pharmacology

Question 1

When walking in a dark alley a person is surprised by a dog. Which of following responses would be triggered?

a. bronchoconstriction
b. decreased glucagon secretion
c. mydriasis
d. increased GI motility
e. vasoconstriction in skeletal muscle

Answer 1

c. mydriasis

the other answers = rest and digest

Question 2

a patient reports salivation, lacrimation, and frequent urination as adverse effects of a medication. Which receptors mediate these actions?

a. nicotinic
b. alpha1 adrenergic
c. beta1 adrenergic
d. muscarinic
e. beta2 adrenergic

Answer 2

d. muscarinic

innervated by PSNS

Question 3

Acetylcholine mediates ganglionic neurotransmission. which receptor does ACh stimulate at ganglia?

a. alpha1 adrenergic
b. muscarinic
c. beta2 adrenergic
d. nicotinicN
e. alpha2 adrenergic

Answer 3

d. NicotinicN

Question 4

Which is the neurotransmitter released in the SA node in response to increased BP?

a. acetylcholine
b. dopamine
c. epinephrine
d. norepinephrine
e. GABA

Answer 4

a. acetylcholine

Question 5

Which could happen if the parasympathetic NS is inhibited pharmacologically?

a. bradycardia
b. miosis
c. increased GI motility
d. xerostomia
e. detrusor muscle contraction (bladder)

Answer 5

d. xerostomia (dry mouth)

Question 6

nictonic receptors would be found at all of the following sites, except

a. adrenal medullary cells
b. parasympathetic ganglia
c. skeletal muscle end plates
d. sympathetic chain ganglia
e. sweat glands

Answer 6

e. sweat glands

Question 7

Where does the sympathetic system have dominant tone?

Answer 7

most sweat glands and arterioles/veins

Question 8

What neurotransmitter is carried by the somatic system and to what receptor at what location?

Answer 8

ACh to the nicotinic receptor at skeletal muscle

Question 9

Which catecholamine is 80% released from the adrenal medulla?

Answer 9

epinephrine

Question 10

origin for sympathetic ganglia

Answer 10

T1-T12, L1-L5

Question 11

origin for parasympathetic ganglia

Answer 11

CN III, VII, IX, X, S2-S4

Question 12

length of pre ganglionic and post ganglionic for sympathetic

Answer 12

pre - short, post - long

Question 13

length of pre ganglionic and post ganglionic for parasympathetic

Answer 13

pre - long, post - short

Question 14

divergence of sympathetic

Answer 14

branching, wider distribution

Question 15

divergence of parasympathetic

Answer 15

limited to specific area, no branching

Question 16

what are the 5 steps of neurotransmission?

Answer 16

1. synthesis
2. storage
3. release
4. action at receptor
5. termination

Question 17

which muscarinic receptors are stimulatory and what do they lead to?

Answer 17

M1, M3, M5

calcium++ release

Question 18

which muscarinic receptors are inhibitory and what do they lead to?

Answer 18

M2, M4

decrease cAMP

Question 19

what kind of receptors are muscarinic receptors?

Answer 19

GPCR

Question 20

what kind of receptors are nicotinic receptors?

Answer 20

ligand gated ion channel

Question 21

is the alpha1 receptor excitatory or inhibitory and what does it do when activated?

Answer 21

excitatory (increase Ca++) smooth muscle contraction and eye

Question 22

is the alpha2 receptor excitatory or inhibitory and what does it do when activated?

Answer 22

inhibitory (decrease cAMP) decrease NE release

mainly presynaptic

Question 23

considering smooth muscle receptors, alpha 1 ____ and beta 2_____

Answer 23

alpha 1 contracts and beta 2 relaxes

Question 24

where are beta 3 receptors mainly found?

Answer 24

adipose cells