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Pharmacology > Autonomic pharmacology > Flashcards

Autonomic pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the things the hypothalamus controls (in this lecture)

A

temperature control
water balance
eating behavior

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2
Q

What are the things the medulla controls (in this lecture)

A

urinary bladder control
secondary respiratory center
blood pressure control
respiratory center

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3
Q

what does it mean that most organs are under antagonistic control

A

they are controlled by two opposing forces, one excitatory and one inhibitory

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4
Q

what is the exception to dual innervention

A

vessel diameter controlled by only sympathetic innervation
more NE = constriction
less NE = dilation

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5
Q

What are the targets of autonomic neurons

A 
smooth muscle (many internal organs)
cardiac muscle
Many exocrine, some endocrine glands
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6
Q 
sympathetic NS:
where from the spinal cord it comes from:
preganglionic neuron length
neurotransmitter
receptor
postganglionic neuron length
neurotransmitter
receptor
A 
thoracic and lumbar spine
short preganglionic neuron
Ach
nicotinic
long post ganglionic neuron
NE
adrenergic
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7
Q 
parasympathetic NS:
where from the spinal cord it comes from:
preganglionic neuron length
neurotransmitter
receptor
postganglionic neuron length
neurotransmitter
receptor
A 
cephalo and caudal portions of the spine
long preganglionic neuron
Ach
nicotinic
short postganglionic neuron
Ach
muscarinic
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8
Q

What are the steps in NE release

A
  1. action potential arrives at variscocity
  2. depolarization opens Ca v channels
  3. Ca triggers exocytosis of vessels
  4. NE binds to adrenergic receptor
  5. NE diffuses
  6. NE can be taken back into synaptic vesicles
  7. NE is metabolized by MAO
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9
Q

Where do we find a1 adrenergic receptors?

more NE or E

A

most sympathetic tissues

more NE

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10
Q

Where do we find a2 adrenergic receptors?

more NE or E

A

GI and pancreas

More NE

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11
Q

Where do we find b1 adrenergic receptors?

more NE or E

A

heart muscle, kidney

NE = E

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12
Q

Where do we find b2 adrenergic receptors?

more NE or E

A

blood vessels, smooth muscle of some organs

E > NE

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13
Q

Where do we find b3 adrenergic receptors?

more NE or E

A

adipose

NE > E

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14
Q

What are the exceptions in the autonomic system

A

sweat glands are sympathetically innervated, but have AcH on muscarinic receptors at terminal end
renal smooth muscle is sympathetic but have dopamine
adrenal smooth muscle in sympathetic but terminates with AcH on nicotinic

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15
Q

what type of receptor is a nicotinic receptor

A

ligand-gated ion channel

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16
Q

what type of receptor is a muscarinic receptor

A

G-protein linked

17
Q

Where are nicotinic ACh receptors located

A

skeletal muscle
autonomic ganglia
CNS

18
Q

When are neuromuscular blocking drugs used

A

with anesthesia during treatment as a paralyzing agent

19
Q

What are the two types of neuromuscular blocking drugs

A

depolarizing neuromuscular junction blockers

nondepolarizing competitive blockers

20
Q

what is succinylcholine

A

a depolarizing neuromuscular junction blocker

21
Q

what is curare

A

a nondepolarizing competitive blocker

22
Q

What is dantrolene? and what is it used for

A

a skeletal muscle relaxer that doesn’t act at the NMJ it blocks release of Ca from the ER.
prophylactically from malignant hyperthemia

23
Q

what does botox do and how does it work

A

it blocks release from the synaptic vesicles, which means no contractions or wrinkles

24
Q

what does nicotene do

A

nicotinic ACHr agonist

25
Q

what is varenicline

A

Chantix, an AChR agonist with higher affinity than nicotene

26
Q

what is the drug that blocks muscarinic ACh receptors

A

Atropine

27
Q

M1 and M3 receptors

A

linked to PLC +Ca

28
Q

M2 receptor

A 
linked to cAMP
found on the heart
- contractility
- rate
- conduction velocity
29
Q

M3 receptor

A 
blood vessels 
bronchi 
eye
salivary and sweat glands
GI 
Bladder
30
Q

Common muscarinic antagonists

A

ipratropium (Atrovent) - dilate bronchial smooth muscle
Scopolamine - used to treat motion sickness
Tolterodine (Detrol) - used to treat overactive bladder
tropicamide - dilates pupils

31
Q

muscarinic receptor agonist

A

pilocarpine - constricts pupils

32
Q

what is a short acting ACh inhibitors

A

edrophonium

33
Q

what is edrophonium used for

A

treating myasthenia gravis

34
Q

what are the medium acting ACh inhibitors

A

Neostigmine
Physostigmine
Donepezil
Tacrine

35
Q

what is neostigmine (ACh inhibitor) used for

A

myasthenia gravis

36
Q

what is physostigmine used for (ach inhibitor)

A

glaucoma

37
Q

what are donepezil and tacrine used for (ach inhibitors)

A

alzheimers

Pharmacology (8 decks)

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