Autonomic pharmacology Flashcards
Parasympathetic nervous system
“rest and digest”
Sympathetic nervous system
“fight or flight”
PSNS and SNS mediate opposing responses in effector organ, they are known as
Physiological antagonists
Where does the PSNS begin
Cranial and sacral spinal cord
Where does the SNS begin
Thoracic and lumbar spinal cord
“2-neurons system”
pre- and postganglionic fibers
Ganglia
aggregation of cell bodies of postganglionic neurons
Where is the ganglia in SNS and give details on the pre and postganglionic fibers
-Ganglia near spinal cord (short preganglionic and long post-ganglionic fibers)
-One preganglionic to many postganglionic fibers
Where is the ganglia in PSNS and the give details on the pre and postganglionic fibers
-Ganglia close to or within target tissue (long preganglionic and short postganglionic fibers)
-One preganglionic to one postganglionic fiber
Autonomic nerves classified based on
neurotransmitters
What do cholinergic neurons release
Acetylcholine (ACh)
What do most postganglionic SNS neurons release
Norepinephrine (NE)
Adrenal gland secretes
Epinephrine (EP)
EP is also known as
Adrenaline (therefore neurons referred to as adrenergic)
Cholinergic autonomic receptors and their subtypes
- Muscarinic (M1, M2, M3, M4, M5)
2.Nicotinic (NN, NM)
Muscarinic,: which receptor sub types correspond with organs innervated by PSNS
M2, M3
Muscarinic,: which receptor sub-types correspond with endothelial cells
M3, M5
Muscarinic: which receptor sub-types correspond with sweat glands innervated by cholinergic SNS fibers
M3
Muscarinic: which receptor sub-types correspond with some ganglia
M1
Muscarinic: which receptor sub-types correspond with the CNS
All
Nicotinic: where is NN found
In the ganglia (PSNS and SNS)
Nicotinic: where is NM found
On skeletal muscle (somantic nervous system)
Adrenergic autonomic receptors are found where
In organs innervated by SNS and in CNS
How are alpha and beta receptors activated
-Alpha activated by NE and EP
-Beta activation of B2 EP»>NE