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BIOM 3090 > Autonomic pharmacology > Flashcards

Autonomic pharmacology Flashcards

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1
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system

A

“rest and digest”

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2
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A

“fight or flight”

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3
Q

PSNS and SNS mediate opposing responses in effector organ, they are known as

A

Physiological antagonists

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4
Q

Where does the PSNS begin

A

Cranial and sacral spinal cord

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5
Q

Where does the SNS begin

A

Thoracic and lumbar spinal cord

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6
Q

“2-neurons system”

A

pre- and postganglionic fibers

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7
Q

Ganglia

A

aggregation of cell bodies of postganglionic neurons

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8
Q

Where is the ganglia in SNS and give details on the pre and postganglionic fibers

A

-Ganglia near spinal cord (short preganglionic and long post-ganglionic fibers)
-One preganglionic to many postganglionic fibers

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9
Q

Where is the ganglia in PSNS and the give details on the pre and postganglionic fibers

A

-Ganglia close to or within target tissue (long preganglionic and short postganglionic fibers)
-One preganglionic to one postganglionic fiber

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10
Q

Autonomic nerves classified based on

A

neurotransmitters

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11
Q

What do cholinergic neurons release

A

Acetylcholine (ACh)

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12
Q

What do most postganglionic SNS neurons release

A

Norepinephrine (NE)

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13
Q

Adrenal gland secretes

A

Epinephrine (EP)

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14
Q

EP is also known as

A

Adrenaline (therefore neurons referred to as adrenergic)

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15
Q

Cholinergic autonomic receptors and their subtypes

A
  1. Muscarinic (M1, M2, M3, M4, M5)
    2.Nicotinic (NN, NM)
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16
Q

Muscarinic,: which receptor sub types correspond with organs innervated by PSNS

A

M2, M3

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17
Q

Muscarinic,: which receptor sub-types correspond with endothelial cells

A

M3, M5

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18
Q

Muscarinic: which receptor sub-types correspond with sweat glands innervated by cholinergic SNS fibers

A

M3

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19
Q

Muscarinic: which receptor sub-types correspond with some ganglia

A

M1

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20
Q

Muscarinic: which receptor sub-types correspond with the CNS

A

All

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21
Q

Nicotinic: where is NN found

A

In the ganglia (PSNS and SNS)

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22
Q

Nicotinic: where is NM found

A

On skeletal muscle (somantic nervous system)

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23
Q

Adrenergic autonomic receptors are found where

A

In organs innervated by SNS and in CNS

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24
Q

How are alpha and beta receptors activated

A

-Alpha activated by NE and EP
-Beta activation of B2 EP»>NE

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25
Adrenergic autonomic receptors and their subtypes
1. Alpha (a1, a2) 2. Beta (B1,B2,B3)
26
What causes alterations in the balance of neurotransmitters
Autonomic drugs, stress, environmental input
26
In most tissues PSNS and SNS are considered to be
physiological antagonists
27
Which receptors are activated by acetylcholine (sympathetic)
(start with SHORT preganglionic fibers) Nicotinic receptor, (now post-ganglionic fibers), norepinephrine, adrenergic receptors
28
Which receptors are activated by acetylcholine (parasympathetic)
(start with LONG preganglionic fibers), nicotinic receptors, (now postganglionic fibers), muscarinic receptor
29
Presynaptic pathway
1. Action potential in presynaptic fiber 2. Synthesis of transmitter 3. Storage 4. Metabolism 5. Release 6. Uptake 7. Degredation
30
Postsynaptic pathway (following presynaptic)
8. Receptor binding 9. Receptor stimulation 10. Response
31
Cholinergic transmission is synthesized by
the enzyme choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)
32
Cholinergic transmission is degraded by
enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
33
Cholinergic transmission is driven by
Acetylcholine
34
Acetylcholine activates which receptors
Muscarinic
35
Cholinergic transmission: affect on increase IP3 and DAG
stimulatory
36
Cholinergic transmission: affect on decrease in cAMP
inhibatory
37
Adrenergic: _____ and ______ determine tissue response
Location and subtype
38
Odd number (1, 3, 5) Muscarinic receptors correspond to _______ G proteins
Stimulatory
39
Even number (2.4) Muscarinic receptors correspond to ______ G proteins
Inhibatory
40
Nicotinic receptors correspond to
Stimulatory ion channels
41
M1 location and action
Some autonomic ganglia, raise activation
42
M2 location and action
Heart, lower rate/force of contraction
43
M3 location and action
Smooth muscle, Glands & Endothelial cells, Contracts, raise secretion & raise EDRF release
44
M5 location and action
Endothelial cells, raise EDGF release
45
M1, M3, M5 pathway
-Agonist binds to rec & activates it -Activated G protein -Activates phospholipase C -Phospholipase C cleaves PIP2 to IP3 -[DAG activates PKC] -IP3 releases stored calcium to give free calcium -Activated calcium-dependant protein kinases
46
M2 & M4 pathway
-Agnoist binds to receptor and activates it -Activated G protein -Inhibits adenylate cyclase
47
Adenylate cyclase would normally do what (pathway)
-Uses ATP to produce cAMP -cAMP goes to protein kinase -Phosphorylates enzyme
48
There is no PSNS input to blood vessels but...
Cholinergic receptors are present on endothelial cells that line the blood vessels (direct agonists relax vascular smooth muscle)
49
EDRF
Endothelial derived relaxing factor (nitric oxide)
50
Endothelial M3 receptor path
Muscarinic agonist binds rec --> Raise Ca2 --> NO --> Ganylyl cyclase --> Raise cGMP
51
NN location and effect
-Postganglionic neurons [excitation] -Adrenal glands [secretion] -CNS [excitation]
52
NM location and effect
Skeletal muscle [contraction]
53
Nicotinic receptor sub-units make up
Ion channels (Na+/K+)
54
Noreprinephrine 3 step synthesis
1)Tyrosine hydroxylase 2) Dopa decarboxylase 3) Dopamine -hydroxylase
55
Norepinephrine termination
1) Re-uptake 2) Diffusion away from synapse
56
Norepinephrine metabolized by
Monoamine oxidase (MAO) and catechol- O-methyl transferase (COMT)
57
Review synapses
ya
58
Adrenergic transmission
-Dopamine transported into synaptic vesicles and converted to NE by Beta-hydroxylase -Epinephrine secreted by adrenal medulla – circulates via blood to various tissues
59
Adrenoreceptors
1.Alpha a1 = same as M1,M3,M5 a2 = same as M2,M4 2.Beta B1,B2,B3 = raise cAMP
60
B1,B2,B3 receptor pathway
-Agonist binds to receptor and activates it -Activated G protein -Activates adenylate cyclase -ATP to cAMP -Protein kinase phosphorylates enzyme
61
Alpha 1 receptor location and action
Smooth muscle cells, [contraction]
62
Where specifically are alpha 1 receptors located
-blood vessels (supplying organs and skin -eye -pilomotor sm.muscle -sphincters (GI and urinary)
63
Alpha 2 location and action
-SNS nerve terminals: [lower NE] -PSNS nerve terminals (high in GI tract) [lower ACh]
64
Beta 1 receptors location and action
Heart [raise rate/force of contraction]
65
Beta 2 location and action
Smooth muscle cells (relaxation) -bl. vessels {supply skeletal muscle], bronchial tree, uterine,GI & bladder walls)
66
Beta 3 location and action
Fat cells [raise lipolysis]
67
Contraction of sphincter: by which receptor and what affect on pupil
M3, constriction of pupil (Release ACh)
68
Contraction of dilator: by which receptor and what affect on pupil
alpha 1, dilation of pupil (Release NE)
69
Aqueous humour removal
-Contraction of cilinary muscle (M3) = higher drainage
70
Aqueous humour production
alpha - decrease secretion beta - increase secretion
71
Herat rate
M2 - decrease B1 - increases
72
Blood vessels (most)
M3 - vasodilation a1 - vasoconstriction
73
Blood vessels (sk. muscle)
B2 - vasodilation
74
Most organ systems/glands
M3 --> contraction --> increase activity --> increase secretion B2 --> relaxation of smooth muscle a1 --> constriction of sphincters
75
Autonomic transmission can be inhibited or stimulated by chemicals that affect
*Neurotransmitter synthesis *Neurotransmitter storage *Neurotransmitter release *Receptor activation *Neurotransmitter re-uptake or inactivation

BIOM 3090 (12 decks)

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