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Pharmacology-Principals > Autonomic pharmacology 1 > Flashcards

Autonomic pharmacology 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two branches of the Nervous system?

A

Central nervous system

Peripheral nervous system

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2
Q

What are the branches of the peripheral nervous system? (4)

A
  • Somatic efferent
  • Enteric nervous system
  • Autonomic nervous system
  • Somatic and visceral afferent
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3
Q

What are the two divisions of the Autonomic nervous system?

A

Sympathetic

Parasympathetic

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4
Q

What is the function of the ANS?

A
  • To carry output from the CNS to the whole of the body, except the skeletal muscles.
  • To regulate visceral (internal organs/cavities) functions that are involuntary.
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5
Q

Give some examples of functions of the ANS. (4)

A
  • Contraction and relaxation of vascular and visceral smooth muscle
  • All exocrine and some endocrine sections
  • The heartbeat
  • Aspects of metabolic (Particularly liver and skeletal muscle)
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6
Q

What does the term somatic mean?

A

It refers to fibres that innovate sensory fibres such as skin muscles.

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7
Q

Describe the somatic efferent branch of the PNS.

A

It carries signals from the CNS to the skeletal muscles.

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8
Q

What is a ganglion?

A

A collection of nerve cell bodies that lie outside the CNS.

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9
Q

What is the function of ganglia?

A

They provide relay point and intermediary connections between different neurological structures in the body, such as the PNS and CNS

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10
Q

What functions does the sympathetic ANS serve?

A
  • Coordinates body’s response to stress

- Associated with fight, flight or fright reactions.

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11
Q

What function does the parasympathetic ANS serve?

A

Coordinates the body’s basic homeostatic functions.

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12
Q

Which neurotransmitter is always present in the preganglionic neurones of the sympathetic and parasympathetic ANS?

A

Acetylcholine (ACh)

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13
Q

Which cranial nerves have a parasympathetic outflow? What is there collective name?

A

Nerves III, VII, IX and X

collectively the vagus nerves

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14
Q

What effects does the Sympathetic ANS have on the heart? (2)

A
  • Increase heart rate

- Increase force of contraction

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15
Q

What effects does the Sympathetic ANS have on the lungs? (2)

A
  • Relaxes bronchi (Via release of adrenaline)

- Decreases mucous production (Which decreases airway resistance)

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16
Q

What effects does the Sympathetic ANS have on the intestines? (2)

A
  • Reduces motility

- Constricts sphincters

17
Q

What effects does the Sympathetic ANS have on the adrenal gland?

A

Cause adrenaline release.

18
Q

What effects does the parasympathetic ANS have on the heart?

A

Decreases heart rate

19
Q

What effects does the parasympathetic ANS have on the lungs? (2)

A
  • Constrict bronchi

- Stimulates mucous production (Increases airway resistance)

20
Q

What effects does the parasympathetic ANS have on the intestines? (2)

A
  • Increases motility

- Relaxes sphincters

21
Q

What effects does the parasympathetic ANS have on the adrenal gland?

A

No effect

22
Q

What effects does the parasympathetic ANS have on the penis?

A

Causes erection

23
Q

What effects does the sympathetic ANS have on the penis?

A

Causes ejaculation

24
Q

What triggers the release of Acetylcholine in the sympathetic division?

A

-An action potential triggers Ca2+ to enter the preganglionic neurone and release ACh.

25
Q

What are the differences between neurotransmitter release in the parasympathetic division than the sympathetic division?

A
  • ACh is always the transmitter used by postganglionic neurones in the parasympathetic division
  • ACh activates G protein-coupled muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the target cell membrane causing a response in the parasympathetic division.
26
Q

What is a disadvantage of G-protein receptors compared to transmitter-gated ion channels?

A

Signalling is relatively slow by G protein receptors.

27
Q

What is an example of a G-protein coupled receptor?

A

A muscarinic ACh receptor

28
Q

Describe the structure of a G-protein couple receptor.

A
  • Integral membrane protein
  • Single polypeptide with extracellular Nh2 and intracellular COOH termini
  • Contains 7 transmembrane spans joined by three extracellular and three intracellular connecting loops.

Pharmacology-Principals (3 decks)

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