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ADULT HEALTH II > Autonomic NS > Flashcards

Autonomic NS Flashcards

1
Q

What are the FUNCTIONS of Parasympathetic nervous system????

A
  1. Constricts pupil (less light gets in, focuses better).
  2. Stimulates salivation
  3. ## *Constricts bronchi (problematic for ppl with asthma/lung problems) & Decreases HR!!!
  4. Stimulates digestive activity
  5. Stimulates gallbladder
  6. Inhibition of adrenaline production
  7. Contracts bladder
  8. Relaxes rectum
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2
Q

What are the functions of Sympathetic nervous system????

A
  1. Dilates pupil
  2. Inhibits salivation (dries mouth)
  3. Relaxes bronchi & Increases HR & Increases BP
  4. Inhibits digestive activity
  5. Stimulates glucose release by liver
  6. Stimulates epinephrin and norepinephrine release
  7. Relaxes bladder
  8. Orgasm, Ejaculation, Contracts rectum!
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3
Q

What are the Sympathetic Stimulants?????

A
  1. Sympathomimetic
  2. Adrenergic
  3. Adrenomimetic
  4. Adrenergic Agonist
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4
Q

What are the Parasympathetic Depressants??

A
  1. Parasympatholytic
  2. Anticholinergic
  3. Cholinergic Antagonist
    (4. Antispasmodic)
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5
Q

What are the Parasympathetic Stimulants?????

A
  1. Parasympathomimetic
  2. Cholinergic
  3. Cholinergic Agonist
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6
Q

What are the Sympathetic Depressants?????

A
  1. Sympatholytic
  2. Adrenergic Blocker
  3. Adrenolytic
  4. Adrenergic Antagonist
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7
Q

What are the 3 Adrenergic Receptor sites, Where are each located, and What are their functions???? (remember these are the receptors, not the blockers)

A
  1. Alpha receptors - Located in the smooth muscles
    A. Alpha 1: Vasoconstriction (BP UP) – Located in the Blood Vessels, Bladder, and Prostate Gland.
    B. Alpha 2: LESS Vasoconstriction (BP Down) – Blocks Norepinephrine
    —
  2. Beta 1 Receptors - Located in Heart!!!!
    A. Increases HR & BP
    B. Increases Contractility
    —
  3. Beta 2 are located in the Lungs, Uterine, & Skeletal muscles!!!!
    A. Bronchodilation
    B. Uterine Relaxation
    C. Increases Skeletal blood flow
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8
Q
  • What’s the DRUG name of a ALPHA 1 Blocker (Sympatholytic)????
  • What are its functions????
A

MINIPRESS (PRAZOSIN)

A. Venous and Arterial dilation:
1. Monitor for hypotension
2. Dizziness
3. Lightheadedness
4. Faintness

B. Smooth muscle relaxation of the prostatic capsule and bladder neck decreasing urgency, frequency, & dysuria!

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9
Q

What are some safety measures a nurse should take after giving a patient MINIPRESS (PRAZOSIN)??????

A

(it’s an Alpha 1 blocker!)

  1. FALL precautions!!!
  2. Give first dose AT NIGHT!!!!!!
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10
Q
  • What is the drug name for a Beta 1 Blocker????????
  • What are its functions??
  • What do you need to monitor closely while giving this??
A

Lopressor (Metoprolol)

  1. Decreases HR – If HR <50, HOLD medication & NOTIFY HCP
  2. Decreases Contractility
  3. Decreases Chest Pain and Dysrhythmias (THIS DRUG IS GIVEN TO HELP PATIENT WITH THESE)
  4. DIABETICS need to monitor glucose very carefully bc TACHYCARDIA is a sign of hypoglycemia and these drugs bring HR Down, making S/S of hypoglycemia less noticeable
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11
Q
  • What is the drug name for a Beta 1&2 Blocker????????
  • What are its functions??
  • What do you need to monitor closely while giving this??
A

Inderal (Propranolol)

  1. Decreases HR – If HR <50, HOLD medication & NOTIFY HCP
  2. Decreases Contractility
  3. Bronchoconstriction = AVOID CLIENTS WITH ASTHMA
  4. DIABETICS need to monitor glucose very carefully bc TACHYCARDIA is a sign of hypoglycemia and these drugs bring HR Down, making S/S of hypoglycemia less noticeable!!!
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12
Q

How do we assess the effectiveness of Beta 1&2 blocker meds??

A
  1. ↓ HR
  2. ↓ Chest pain
  3. ↓ Cardiac dysrhythmias
  4. ↓ Blood pressure
  5. Controls heart failure manifestations
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13
Q

What is the drug name for Anticholinergics (Parasympatholytics)??????

A

ATROPINE!!!!!!!!

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14
Q

What are the 3 functions of Atropine???

A
  1. Treats bradycardia (HR <50)
  2. Helpful for decreasing SALIVA & GI motility!
    ↳ **USED FOR SX PURPOSES, TO HELP DECREASE ASPIRATION!!
  3. Dilation of pupils = helps u see better!
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15
Q

How do you administer Atropine???????

A

[ it’s an Anticholinergics (Parasympatholytics) ]

  1. For ADULTS it is: 1 mg bolus IV
  2. REPEAT EVERY 3 TO 5 MINUTES
  3. MAXimum: 3mg total!!!!
  4. IV PUSH RAPIDLY flush with SALINE AFTER!!!!
  5. Atropine is NOT effective in patients who have received a heart transplant bc it blocks acetylcholine!
  6. Why do we give it??? To get HR ↑
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16
Q

What is POTS syndrome???
What are the S/S???

A

A condition characterized by too little blood returning to the heart when moving from a lying down to a standing up position (orthostatic intolerance)
1. Signs and Symptoms:
- Orthostatic intolerance
- Rapid increase in Heart rate (goes up & down)

17
Q

What are the diagnosis for POTS syndrome????

A
  1. Tilt Table Test:
    - IV inserted
    - Lies flat for 5 minutes while monitoring EKG/BP
    - Pt moved to vertical position for 10-45 minutes until pt has symptoms
    - +/positive POTS test: if HR >30 bmp with the tilt
    -IV Meds can be given to stimulate symptoms if necessary
  2. Orthostatic Blood Pressure:
    - Get BP and HR after patient lays flat for 10 mins
    - Assist patient into sitting position then get BP and HR
    - Assist patient into standing position and repeat VS
    - Watch for BP to drop >20 mmHg from supine to sitting/standing
18
Q

What are the treatment for POTS syndrome???

A
  1. Increase Salt intake (helps retain fluids = BP up)
  2. Drink LOTS of WATER
  3. Exercise!!!
  4. Midodrine (Proamatine):
    ↳ Alpha 1 Agonist
    ↳ ↑ Blood Pressure
    ↳ 2.5 - 10mg PO
  5. Beta BLockers for High heart rate
  6. FLUDROCORTISONE
19
Q
A

ADULT HEALTH II (2 decks)

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