Autonomic Nervous System Drugs

Question 1

AUTONOMIC DRUGS

Answer 1

• Autonomic drugs have been defined as those that exhibit pharmacological effects that mimic the activation, intensification, or inhibition of either the sympathetic or parasympathetic nervous system.

Question 2

PHARMACOLOGIC EFFECT OF ANS DRUGS

Answer 2

• When autonomic medications are administered, the aim is to treat target organ diseases via autonomic nerves rather than treat an autonomic disorder.

Question 3

ADVERSE REACTIONS

Answer 3

D - Diarrhea
U - Urination
M – Miosis and Muscle Weakness
B - Bronchorrhea
B - Bradycardia
E - Emesis
L - Lacrimation
S – Salivation/ Sweating

Question 4

ADVERSE EFFECTS

Answer 4

A – Agitation
B – Blurred vision
C- Constipation, Confusion
D –Dry mouth
S – Stasis of urine and Sweating

Question 5

ADRENERGIC AGONIST

Answer 5

• Also known as Sympathomimetics, only works on the Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) where it stimulates the SNS and they mimic the effect of Norepinephrine(NE).

Question 6

CATEGORY BASED ON CHEMICAL STRUCTURE

Answer 6

• Catecholamines- it has catechol rings and amines, it is also usually given parenterally.
• Noncatecholamines- it has no catechol ring, and most noncatecholamines are effective orally.

Question 7

EPINEPHRINE

Answer 7

• Adrenaline, is secreted by the adrenal medulla & a neuroeffector transmitter of adrenergic drugs. Its Pharmacologic Class is Adrenergic, Therapeutic Class is Vasopressor(constricts blood vessels). Its receptors are A1, A2, B1, & B2.

Question 8

ADRENERGIC ANTAGONIST

Answer 8

• Also known as Sympatholytics, only works on the Sympathetic Nervous System(SNS), where it inhibits the SNS and blocks the effects of SNS.

Question 9

ALPHA 1

Answer 9

• It is a receptor that is used for Hypotension, Nasal Congestion, and Dilation of Pupils

Question 10

ALPHA 2

Answer 10

• It is a receptor that is used for Hypertension

Question 11

BETA 1

Answer 11

• It is a receptor that is used for Heart Failure, Cardiac Arrest, and Shock

Question 12

BETA 2

Answer 12

• It is a receptor that is used for Asthma, and Premature labor of contraction

Question 13

ALPHA BLOCKERS

Answer 13

Causes:
- Relaxation of smooth muscles
- Vasodilation: hypertension and PVDs
- Reduces contraction of smooth muscle in bladder and prostate
Includes:
- Terazosin
- Doxazosin
- Prazosin

Question 14

BETA BLOCKERS

Answer 14

• Decrease heart rate
• Decreases blood pressure
• Useful for treating mild to moderate hypertension, angina pectoris, and myocardial infarction
  Includes:
  
  • Atenolol
  • Propranolol
  • Pindolol
  • Timolol
  • Metoprolol

Question 15

CHOLINERGIC AGONISTS

Answer 15

• Also known as Parasympathomimetic, only works on the Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS) where it stimulates the PNS and they mimic the effect of Acetylcholine.

Question 16

CHOLINERGIC ANTAGONISTS

Answer 16

• Also known as Parasympatholytic, only works on the Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS) where it inhibits the PNS and they block the effect of SNS to have the PNS effect.

Question 17

CHOLINERGIC RECEPTORS

Answer 17

• Muscarinic- has 5 receptors, stimulates smooth muscle, and slows HR
  M1 (GU) and M3 (lungs, glands) –may increase calcium activity
  M2 (heart) – may increase potassium and decrease heart rate
• Nicotinic- has 2 receptors, affects skeletal muscles
  1. Nm – muscle contraction
  2. Nn – transmission of cholinergic signals

Question 18

ACETYLCHOLINE

Answer 18

• is the chief neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system, has a non-specific cholinergic effect, decreases CO, HR, and BP, increases the GI activity

Question 19

CHOLINERGIC CRISIS

Answer 19

• It is caused by an overdose of cholinergic agonists
  S/Sx:
• Extreme muscle weakness
• Paralysis of muscles for respiration Bradycardia constricted pupils, skin flushing, increase secretions

Question 20

GANGLIONIC BLOCKERS

Answer 20

• Nicotine
• Stimulate and block cholinergic function
• Increases the production of neurotransmitters
• Increases and BP, HR but may also decrease BP – non-selective effect
• CNS Stimulation – causes addiction
• Not useful in clinical practice