Autonomic Nervous System Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

AUTONOMIC DRUGS

A
  • Autonomic drugs have been defined as those that exhibit pharmacological effects that mimic the activation, intensification, or inhibition of either the sympathetic or parasympathetic nervous system.
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2
Q

PHARMACOLOGIC EFFECT OF ANS DRUGS

A
  • When autonomic medications are administered, the aim is to treat target organ diseases via autonomic nerves rather than treat an autonomic disorder.
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3
Q

ADVERSE REACTIONS

A

D - Diarrhea
U - Urination
M – Miosis and Muscle Weakness
B - Bronchorrhea
B - Bradycardia
E - Emesis
L - Lacrimation
S – Salivation/ Sweating

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4
Q

ADVERSE EFFECTS

A

A – Agitation
B – Blurred vision
C- Constipation, Confusion
D –Dry mouth
S – Stasis of urine and Sweating

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5
Q

ADRENERGIC AGONIST

A
  • Also known as Sympathomimetics, only works on the Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) where it stimulates the SNS and they mimic the effect of Norepinephrine(NE).
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6
Q

CATEGORY BASED ON CHEMICAL STRUCTURE

A
  • Catecholamines- it has catechol rings and amines, it is also usually given parenterally.
  • Noncatecholamines- it has no catechol ring, and most noncatecholamines are effective orally.
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7
Q

EPINEPHRINE

A
  • Adrenaline, is secreted by the adrenal medulla & a neuroeffector transmitter of adrenergic drugs. Its Pharmacologic Class is Adrenergic, Therapeutic Class is Vasopressor(constricts blood vessels). Its receptors are A1, A2, B1, & B2.
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8
Q

ADRENERGIC ANTAGONIST

A
  • Also known as Sympatholytics, only works on the Sympathetic Nervous System(SNS), where it inhibits the SNS and blocks the effects of SNS.
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9
Q

ALPHA 1

A
  • It is a receptor that is used for Hypotension, Nasal Congestion, and Dilation of Pupils
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10
Q

ALPHA 2

A
  • It is a receptor that is used for Hypertension
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11
Q

BETA 1

A
  • It is a receptor that is used for Heart Failure, Cardiac Arrest, and Shock
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12
Q

BETA 2

A
  • It is a receptor that is used for Asthma, and Premature labor of contraction
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13
Q

ALPHA BLOCKERS

A

Causes:
- Relaxation of smooth muscles
- Vasodilation: hypertension and PVDs
- Reduces contraction of smooth muscle in bladder and prostate
Includes:
- Terazosin
- Doxazosin
- Prazosin

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14
Q

BETA BLOCKERS

A
  • Decrease heart rate
  • Decreases blood pressure
  • Useful for treating mild to moderate hypertension, angina pectoris, and myocardial infarction
    Includes:
    • Atenolol
    • Propranolol
    • Pindolol
    • Timolol
    • Metoprolol
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15
Q

CHOLINERGIC AGONISTS

A
  • Also known as Parasympathomimetic, only works on the Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS) where it stimulates the PNS and they mimic the effect of Acetylcholine.
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16
Q

CHOLINERGIC ANTAGONISTS

A
  • Also known as Parasympatholytic, only works on the Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS) where it inhibits the PNS and they block the effect of SNS to have the PNS effect.
17
Q

CHOLINERGIC RECEPTORS

A
  • Muscarinic- has 5 receptors, stimulates smooth muscle, and slows HR
    M1 (GU) and M3 (lungs, glands) –may increase calcium activity
    M2 (heart) – may increase potassium and decrease heart rate
  • Nicotinic- has 2 receptors, affects skeletal muscles
    1. Nm – muscle contraction
    2. Nn – transmission of cholinergic signals
18
Q

ACETYLCHOLINE

A
  • is the chief neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system, has a non-specific cholinergic effect, decreases CO, HR, and BP, increases the GI activity
19
Q

CHOLINERGIC CRISIS

A
  • It is caused by an overdose of cholinergic agonists
    S/Sx:
  • Extreme muscle weakness
  • Paralysis of muscles for respiration Bradycardia constricted pupils, skin flushing, increase secretions
20
Q

GANGLIONIC BLOCKERS

A
  • Nicotine
  • Stimulate and block cholinergic function
  • Increases the production of neurotransmitters
  • Increases and BP, HR but may also decrease BP – non-selective effect
  • CNS Stimulation – causes addiction
  • Not useful in clinical practice