Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards
what are the two divisions of the autonomic Nervous system?
parasympathetic nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
True or false
the vagus nerve innervates the sympathetic nervous system
False
where does the parasympathetic nervous system originate from? and where are the ganglia located?
the bilateral horn of the medulla and the sacral spinal cord
ganglia are located within the innervated tissue
where does the sympathetic nervous system originate and where is the ganglia located?
originates in the lateral horn of the lumbar and thoracic spinal cord
ganglia are located in the paravertebral chain, close to the spinal cord.
what did otto Lewis’ experiment consist of?
two frogs heart, one innervated by the vagus nerve
what are the principal neurotransmitters in the ANS?
acetylcholine -PSNS
noradrenaline - SNS
True or false
some specialised sympathetic post ganglionic neurons are cholinergic not noradrenergic
True
those that innervate the sweat glands and hair follicles.
what is the acetylcholine synthesis equation?
acetyl CoA + Choline > Acetylcholine + Co enzyme A
enzyme - Choline acetyl transferase (CAT)
what is the acetylcholine degradation equation?
acetylcholine > acetate + Choline
enzyme - acetylcholine esterase
what are the therapeutic interventions of Ach receptors at autonomic and neuromuscular junction?
they both differ in structure. therefore some drugs actions selectively at autonomic ganglia, e.g trimethaphan (ganglion blocking drug) used to produced controlled hypotension during surgery.
what is used to treat overactive bladder?
selective mAchR antagonist- tolterodine
examples of AchE inhibitors
donepezil, used to treat Alzheimers disease
what is SLUDGE?
salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation, gastrointestinal upset and Emesis
caused by massive discharge of the PSNS
what causes SLUDGE?
drug overdose, ingestion of magic mushroom, nerve gas (which covalently modifies AchE to irreversibly deactivate the enzyme and raise Ach levels.
over stimulation of PSNS .
treated with atropine, pralidoxine and other anticholinergic agents.
what is used to treat Glaucoma and stimulate bladder emptying?
mAchR agonists- pilocarpine and bethanechol