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Pharmacology > Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Neurotransmitter and receptors of somatic system?

A
  • acetylcholine
  • Nicotinic muscular receptors (Nm)
  • one neuron system
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2
Q

Neurotransmitter and receptors of parasympathetic system?

A
  • pre ganglionic (long) neurons release acetylcholine to Nicotinic neural (Nn)
  • post ganglionic release acetylcholine
  • Muscarinic receptors 1-5
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3
Q

Neurotransmitters and receptors of sympathetic system?

A
  • pre ganglionic (short) release acetylcholine to Nicotinic neural (Nn)
  • post ganglionic release Norepinephrine
  • Adrenergic receptors (alpha, beta)
  • sweat glands= acetylcholine release at M3, M5
  • renal smooth muscle= NE to alpha, Dopamine to D1
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4
Q

Neurotransmitters and receptors of adrenal medulla?

A
  • stimulated by acetylcholine at Nicotinic neural (Nn)

- release catecholamines (NE, epinephrine, dopamine)

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5
Q

Hemicholinemiums?

A

inhibits choline transporter from transporting choline into the presynaptic neuron for acetylcholine synthesis

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6
Q

Vesamicol?

A
  • inhibits Ash vesicle transporter

- results in less ACh in vesicles

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7
Q

Botulinum toxin?

A

-inhibits fusion of ACh vesicles to neuron membrane

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8
Q

Neostigmine?

A
  • inhibts acetylcholinesterase

- allows ACh to remain in synaptic cleft to continue stimulating

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9
Q

Monoamine oxidase (MAO)?

A
  • located in mitochondria of nerve cells

- degrade NE

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10
Q

Catecholamine O-methyltransferase (COMT)?

A

metabolizes NE that diffuses out of the synaptic cleft

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11
Q

Metyrosine?

A
  • inhibits tyrosine hydroxylase (rate limiting step)

- no Dopa is made from Tyrosine for Dopamine synthesis

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12
Q

Reserpine?

A
  • inhibits Vesicular Monoamine Transporter (VMAT)

- limits the amount of Dopamine into the vesicles so limits amount of NE synthesized

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13
Q

Bretylium and Guanethidine?

A

-inhibit fusion of NE vesicles with cell membrane for NE release

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14
Q

Cocaine and tricyclic anti depressants?

A
  • inhibit NET (NE transporter) and NE autoreceptor

- no NE is reuptaken into the cell, stays in synaptic cleft

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15
Q

Tyramine and Amphetamine?

A
  • taken up by NET and deplete vesicle of NE

- causes NE to leak out in synaptic cleft to stimulate receptors

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16
Q

Tranylcypromine?

A
  • inhibits MAO within mitochondria of neuron

- decreases the amount of NE metabolized and increases NE taken into vesicles

17
Q

Nicotinic neural (Nn) receptors location?

A
  • postganglionic neuron cell bodies

- depolarize neuron as a result of Na and K channels opening

18
Q

Nicotinic muscle (Nm) receptors location?

A
  • skeletal muscle at neuronal end plate

- depolarize due to Na and K channels opening

19
Q

Muscarinic 2 (M2) receptors?

A
  • ACh activated
  • in the heart
  • slow HR by reducing Calcium
20
Q

Muscarinic 3 (M3) receptors?

A
  • ACh activated
  • located in smooth muscle of GI, iris, lungs
  • located in exocrine glands, blood vessels

-mechanism is to increase calcium for increased muscle contractions

  • actions:
  • constricts bronchi and pupils
  • increases GI motility
  • increases exocrine secretions
  • circulating ACh is metabolized into nitric oxide to dilate blood vessels
21
Q

Muscarinic 5 (M5) receptors?

A
  • activated by ACh
  • located in blood vessels of cerebrum
  • circulating ACh is metabolized into nitric oxide to dilate blood vessels
22
Q

Alpha 1 receptors?

A
  • NE and Epi activated
  • located in smooth muscle
  • increases Calcium for smooth muscle contractions
  • vasoconstriction of blood vessels
  • mydriasis (pupil dilation, iris constriction)
  • sphincter constriction of bladder
  • lower affinity than beta 2 receptors for NE
23
Q

Alpha 2 receptors?

A
  • NE and Epi activated
  • located in presynaptic adrenergic cells
  • control and regulates NE release
  • reduce insulin secretion
24
Q

Beta 1 receptors?

A
  • NE and Epi activated
  • located in heart and kidney juxtaglomerular apparatus of renal tubules
  • increase cAMP and Calcium
  • increases HR and force of contraction
  • increases release of Renin to increase BP
25
Q

Beta 2 receptors?

A
  • NE and Epi activated
  • located in smooth muscle
  • increases cAMP, causing inhibition of myosin LC kinase, to relax smooth muscle
  • bronchodilation
  • vasodilation
  • uterine dilation
  • glycogenolysis
  • higher affinity than alpha 1 receptors
26
Q

Beta 3 receptors?

A
  • NE and Epi activated
  • located in fat cells
  • increases oxidation of fat for energy

Pharmacology (9 decks)

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