Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

Function of the Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 1

• maintain body homeostasis

Question 2

Anatomy of the ANS

Answer 2

• made up of 2 neuron pathways
  1. originating neuron in the central nervous system
  2. gaglion neuron (effect neuron) out side of the central nervous system that acts at the neuromuscular junction

Question 3

Cell of origin (pre-ganlionic neuron) in the:
Sympathetic
Parasympatetic

Answer 3

• Thoracic and upper lumbar spinal cord

- brainstem (cranial nerves) and sacral spinal cord

Question 4

Number of nerves in the:
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic

Answer 4

• Many

- few (Vagus (X) nerve is the major nerve)

Question 5

Cell type of origin:
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic

Answer 5

• short axon

- long axon

Question 6

Ganglion Location:
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic

Answer 6

• near the spinal cord

- near the organ

Question 7

Ganglion neuron:
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic

Answer 7

• long axon

- short axon

Question 8

Function:
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic

Answer 8

• fight or flight

- rest and digest

Question 9

Sympathic effect on Heart

• sinus rate
• Ventricular contractile force)

Answer 9

• accelerate

- increase

Question 10

Sympathic effect on Bronchioles

Answer 10

• dilation

Question 11

Sympathic effect on Eye (pupil)

Answer 11

• dilation

Question 12

Sympathic effect on GIT

• secretion
• muscle wall
• sphincters

Answer 12

• no effect
• relaxation
• contraction

Question 13

Sympathic effect on Urinary Bladder

• fundus
• sphincters

Answer 13

• relaxation

- contraction

Question 14

Sympathic effect on Glands

• salivary
• sweat

Answer 14

• secretion (thick, mucus)

- secretion

Question 15

Sympathic effect on Piloerectors

Answer 15

contraction

Question 16

Sympathic effect on spleen

Answer 16

contraction

Question 17

Sympathic effect on blood vessels

Answer 17

constriction

Question 18

Parasympathetic effect on Heart:

• sinus rate
• Ventricular contractile force

Answer 18

• slowing

- no direct action

Question 19

Parasympathetic effect on Bronchioles:

Answer 19

constriction

Question 20

Parasympathetic effect on Eye (pupil)

Answer 20

constriction

Question 21

Parasympathetic effect on GIT:

• secretion
• muscle wall
• sphincters

Answer 21

• increased secretion
• contraction
• relaxation

Question 22

Parasympathetic effect on Urinary Bladder:

• Fundus
• Sphincters

Answer 22

• contraction

- relaxation

Question 23

Parasympathetic effect on Glands:

• Salivary
• Sweat

Answer 23

• secretion (watery)

- no effect

Question 24

Parasympathetic effect on Pilorector, spleen, blood vessels

Answer 24

• no effect

Question 25

Sympathetic effect on adrenal medulla

Answer 25

- release of adrenaline or epinephrine

Question 26

Overall effect of activation of sypathetic:

Answer 26

- heart rate increases - blood pressure rises - blood flow is shunted from skin to skeletal muscle - sweating increases - pupils and bronchioles dilate - digestive functions are decreased

Question 27

Overall effect of activation of parasympathetic:

Answer 27

- heart rate is slowed - decreases blood pressure - constricts the pupils - stimulates digestive system activity - promotes emptying of bladder and rectum

Question 28

Baroreceptor reflex:

Answer 28

- measure blood pressure - sensors are found the carotid sinus and aortic arch - signals from baroreceptors sent to the vasomotor center in the medulla oblongata - sympathetic or parasympathetic are activated to adjust blood pressure (sympathetic for low BP and parasympathetic for high BP)

Question 29

Sympathetic pre-ganglionic neurons release:

Answer 29

ACh

Question 30

Sympathetic effector neurons receptors:

Answer 30

Nicotinic

Question 31

At the heart (and most other tissues) Sympathetic effector neurons release:

Answer 31

noradrenaline

Question 32

At the sweat gland sympathetic effector neurons release:

Answer 32

ACh

Question 33

At the Renal Vascular Smooth muscle sympathetic neurons release:

Answer 33

Dopamine

Question 34

At the heart (and most other tissues) Sympathetic receptors:

Answer 34

Adrenergic

Question 35

At the sweat gland sympathetic receptors:

Answer 35

Muscarinic

Question 36

At the Renal Vascular smooth muscle sympathetic receptors:

Answer 36

Dopamine (D1)

Question 37

At the Adrenal Medulla the chromaffin cells (act similar to effector neurons) release:

Answer 37

Epinephrine (and a little norepinephrine) in the blood

Question 38

Parasympathetic pre-ganglionic neurons release:

Answer 38

ACh

Question 39

Parasympathetic effector neurons receptors:

Answer 39

Nicotinic

Question 40

Parasympathetic effector neurons release:

Answer 40

ACh

Question 41

Parasympathetic receptors:

Answer 41

Muscarinic

Question 42

Somatic Motor receptors at skeletal muscle:

Answer 42

Nicotinic

Question 43

Somatic motor effector neurons release:

Answer 43

ACh

Question 44

Nicotinic receptor agonists

Answer 44

activated autonomic ganglia

Question 45

nicotinic receptor antagonists

Answer 45

block parasympathetic and sympathetic