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PHAR 341 - Pharmacology > Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Function of the Autonomic Nervous System

A
  • maintain body homeostasis
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2
Q

Anatomy of the ANS

A
  • made up of 2 neuron pathways
    1. originating neuron in the central nervous system
    2. gaglion neuron (effect neuron) out side of the central nervous system that acts at the neuromuscular junction
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3
Q

Cell of origin (pre-ganlionic neuron) in the:
Sympathetic
Parasympatetic

A
  • Thoracic and upper lumbar spinal cord

- brainstem (cranial nerves) and sacral spinal cord

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4
Q

Number of nerves in the:
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic

A
  • Many

- few (Vagus (X) nerve is the major nerve)

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5
Q

Cell type of origin:
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic

A
  • short axon

- long axon

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6
Q

Ganglion Location:
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic

A
  • near the spinal cord

- near the organ

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7
Q

Ganglion neuron:
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic

A
  • long axon

- short axon

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8
Q

Function:
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic

A
  • fight or flight

- rest and digest

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9
Q

Sympathic effect on Heart

  • sinus rate
  • Ventricular contractile force)
A
  • accelerate

- increase

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10
Q

Sympathic effect on Bronchioles

A
  • dilation
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11
Q

Sympathic effect on Eye (pupil)

A
  • dilation
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12
Q

Sympathic effect on GIT

  • secretion
  • muscle wall
  • sphincters
A
  • no effect
  • relaxation
  • contraction
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13
Q

Sympathic effect on Urinary Bladder

  • fundus
  • sphincters
A
  • relaxation

- contraction

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14
Q

Sympathic effect on Glands

  • salivary
  • sweat
A
  • secretion (thick, mucus)

- secretion

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15
Q

Sympathic effect on Piloerectors

A

contraction

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16
Q

Sympathic effect on spleen

A

contraction

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17
Q

Sympathic effect on blood vessels

A

constriction

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18
Q

Parasympathetic effect on Heart:

  • sinus rate
  • Ventricular contractile force
A
  • slowing

- no direct action

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19
Q

Parasympathetic effect on Bronchioles:

A

constriction

20
Q

Parasympathetic effect on Eye (pupil)

A

constriction

21
Q

Parasympathetic effect on GIT:

  • secretion
  • muscle wall
  • sphincters
A
  • increased secretion
  • contraction
  • relaxation
22
Q

Parasympathetic effect on Urinary Bladder:

  • Fundus
  • Sphincters
A
  • contraction

- relaxation

23
Q

Parasympathetic effect on Glands:

  • Salivary
  • Sweat
A
  • secretion (watery)

- no effect

24
Q

Parasympathetic effect on Pilorector, spleen, blood vessels

A
  • no effect
25
Q

Sympathetic effect on adrenal medulla

A
  • release of adrenaline or epinephrine
26
Q

Overall effect of activation of sypathetic:

A
  • heart rate increases
  • blood pressure rises
  • blood flow is shunted from skin to skeletal muscle
  • sweating increases
  • pupils and bronchioles dilate
  • digestive functions are decreased
27
Q

Overall effect of activation of parasympathetic:

A
  • heart rate is slowed
  • decreases blood pressure
  • constricts the pupils
  • stimulates digestive system activity
  • promotes emptying of bladder and rectum
28
Q

Baroreceptor reflex:

A
  • measure blood pressure
  • sensors are found the carotid sinus and aortic arch
  • signals from baroreceptors sent to the vasomotor center in the medulla oblongata
  • sympathetic or parasympathetic are activated to adjust blood pressure
    (sympathetic for low BP and parasympathetic for high BP)
29
Q

Sympathetic pre-ganglionic neurons release:

A

ACh

30
Q

Sympathetic effector neurons receptors:

A

Nicotinic

31
Q

At the heart (and most other tissues) Sympathetic effector neurons release:

A

noradrenaline

32
Q

At the sweat gland sympathetic effector neurons release:

A

ACh

33
Q

At the Renal Vascular Smooth muscle sympathetic neurons release:

A

Dopamine

34
Q

At the heart (and most other tissues) Sympathetic receptors:

A

Adrenergic

35
Q

At the sweat gland sympathetic receptors:

A

Muscarinic

36
Q

At the Renal Vascular smooth muscle sympathetic receptors:

A

Dopamine (D1)

37
Q

At the Adrenal Medulla the chromaffin cells (act similar to effector neurons) release:

A

Epinephrine (and a little norepinephrine) in the blood

38
Q

Parasympathetic pre-ganglionic neurons release:

A

ACh

39
Q

Parasympathetic effector neurons receptors:

A

Nicotinic

40
Q

Parasympathetic effector neurons release:

A

ACh

41
Q

Parasympathetic receptors:

A

Muscarinic

42
Q

Somatic Motor receptors at skeletal muscle:

A

Nicotinic

43
Q

Somatic motor effector neurons release:

A

ACh

44
Q

Nicotinic receptor agonists

A

activated autonomic ganglia

45
Q

nicotinic receptor antagonists

A

block parasympathetic and sympathetic

PHAR 341 - Pharmacology (7 decks)

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