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Pharmacology Final > Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

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1
Q

Adrenergic Agonists at Beta1 Receptors

A

Increases cardiac contractility, heart rate
Increases renin secretion and increases BP

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2
Q

Adrenergic Agonists
at Beta2 Receptors

A

Decreases GI tone and motility
Bronchodilation
Increases blood flow in skeletal muscles
Relaxes smooth muscles of uterus
Activates liver glycogenolysis
Increases blood glucose

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3
Q

Adrenergic Agonists
at Alpha 1 Receptors

A

Increases cardiac contractility, vasoconstriction
Dilates pupils, decreases salivary gland secretion
Increases bladder and prostate contraction

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4
Q

Adrenergic Agonists
at Alpha2 Receptors

A

Inhibits norepinephrine release
Promotes vasodilation and decreased BP
Decreases GI motility and tone

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5
Q

Direct-acting (epinephrine, norepinephrine) Adrenergic Agonists

A

Directly stimulates adrenergic receptor

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6
Q

Indirect-acting (amphetamine) Adrenergic Agonists

A

Stimulates release of norepinephrine from terminal nerve endings

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7
Q

Mixed-acting (ephedrine) Adrenergic Agonists

A

Stimulates adrenergic receptor sites and stimulates release of norepinephrine from terminal nerve endings

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8
Q

Catecholamines Adrenergic Agonists

A

Produce sympathetic response
Endogenous
-Epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine
Synthetic
-Isoproterenol, dobutamine

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9
Q

Noncatecholamines Adrenergic Agonists

A

Stimulate adrenergic receptors
Most have longer duration of action than endogenous and synthetic
-Phenylephrine, metaproterenol, albuterol

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10
Q

epinephrine classification/action

A

Sympathomimetic: Adrenergic Agonist

Action:
Alpha1 increases the blood pressure
Beta1 increases heart rate
Beta2 promotes bronchodilation

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11
Q

epinephrine

A

Anaphylaxis, anaphylactic shock
Bronchospasms, status asthmaticus
Cardiogenic resuscitation, cardiac arrest

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12
Q

ephinephrine contraindications and caution

A

Cardiac dysrhythmias, hypertension
Hyperthyroidism, diabetes mellitus
Pregnancy

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13
Q

epinephrine side effects

A

Cardiac effects – palpitations, tachycardia, hypertension
Restlessness
Hyperglycemia

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14
Q

epinephrine adverse reactions/life-threatening

A

Adverse Reactions
-Palpitations, tachycardia, hypertension, dyspnea, tissue necrosis at the IV site

Life Threatening
-Ventricular fibrillation, pulmonary edema

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15
Q

epinephrine drug interactions

A

Beta blockers
Digoxin
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) and Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)

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16
Q

Adrenergic Antagonists

A

Block effects of adrenergic neurotransmitter
-Block alpha and beta receptor sites

Types
Alpha-adrenergic antagonists
Beta-adrenergic antagonists

17
Q

Adrenergic Antagonists (Alpha1 Blockers)

A

Vasodilation, dizziness
Orthostatic hypotension, reflex tachycardia
Pupil constriction
Suppresses ejaculation
Reduces contraction of smooth muscles in bladder neck and prostate

18
Q

Adrenergic Antagonists (Beta1 Blockers)

A

Reduces cardiac contractility
Decreases pulse

19
Q

Adrenergic Antagonists (Beta2 Blockers)

A

Bronchoconstriction
Contracts uterus
Inhibits glycogenolysis
Leads to hypoglycemia

20
Q

Alpha Adrenergic Agonists

A

Drugs that inhibit a response at alpha-adrenergic receptor site:

Selective
-Block alpha1
Nonselective
-Block alpha1 and alpha2
Action
-Promote vasodilation
Use
-Decrease symptoms of benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)

21
Q

albuterol classification/action

A

Beta2-Adrenergic Agonist

Stimulates beta2-adrenergic receptors in the lungs relaxes the bronchial smooth muscle bronchodilation

22
Q

albuterol uses

A

Treatment of asthma, prophylactic treatment for asthma, treatment of bronchospasms

23
Q

Beta-Adrenergic Antagonists

A

Beta blocker action:
Decrease BP and pulse

Nonselective beta blockers:
Blocks beta1
-Decrease BP and pulse
Blocks beta2
-Bronchoconstriction
-Use with caution in clients with COPD or asthma

24
Q

atenolol uses/action

A

Treatment of hypertension, angina, and prophylaxis and treatment of acute myocardial infarction

Selectively blocks beta1-adrenergic receptor sites, decreases sympathetic outflow to the periphery, suppresses renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

25
Q

Cholinergic Agonists

A

Drugs that stimulate PNS

26
Q

Cholinergic receptors

A

Muscarinic receptors
-Affect smooth muscles, slow heart rate
Nicotinic receptors
-Affect skeletal muscles

27
Q

Types of cholinergic agonists

A

Direct acting—-Activate
Indirect acting—-Inhibits

28
Q

Effects of Cholinergic Agonists

A

Cardiovascular
Decreases HR and BP
Causes vasodilation
GI
Increases peristalsis and motility
Relaxes the sphincter muscles
GU
Increases the tone of the ureter
Relaxes the sphincter muscles
Stimulates urination
Eye
Constricts pupils, increases accommodation
Lungs
Constricts bronchioles, increases secretions
Glands
Increases salivation
Increases perspiration and tears
Striated muscle
Increases neuromuscular transmission
Maintains muscle strength and tone

29
Q

bethanechol (Urecholine) classification/action

A

Cholinergic: Parasympathomimetic

Stimulates the cholinergic receptors contraction of the bladder
Increases GI secretions and peristalsis, constriction of the pupil and bronchoconstriction

30
Q

bethanechol uses

A

To treat urinary retention and neurogenic bladder

31
Q

bethanechol contraindications

A

Intestinal and urinary tract obstruction, IBS, peptic ulcer
Severe bradycardia, hypotension, COPD, parkinsonism, hyperthyroidism
Seizures, active asthma

32
Q

atropine sulfate class/action

A

Analgesic: Antiinflammatory

Inhibits acetylcholine by occupying the receptors; increases heart rate by blocking vagus stimulation; promotes pupil dilation by blocking iris sphincter muscle

33
Q

atropine sulfate uses

A

Pre-operative medication to reduce salivation, increase heart rate for bradycardia, and dilate pupils for diagnostic exams

34
Q

atropine sulfate contraindications

A

Glaucoma, obstructive GI disorders, ulcerative colitis,

Tachycardia, BPH, myasthenia gravis, myocardial ischemia

Use with caution: renal or hepatic disorders, COPD, heart failure

35
Q

atropine sulfate side effects/adverse effects

A

Dry mouth, constipation, dry skin
Blurred vision, photophobia, urinary retention

Tachycardia, paradoxic bradycardia, hypertension, hypotension
Angina, pulmonary edema, seizures

36
Q

atropine sulfate life threatening

A

Dysrhythmias, laryngospasm, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, coma

37
Q
A

Pharmacology Final (1 decks)

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