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A&P 1 > Autonomic nervous system > Flashcards

Autonomic nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

The somatic nervous system affects skeletal muscles. Name effectors of the autonomic nervous system.

A

The autonomic nervous system affects smooth muscles, glands, cardiac muscle, and adipocytes.

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2
Q

Identify the two major divisions of the ANS.

A

The two major divisions of the ANS are the sympathetic division and the parasympathetic division.

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3
Q

How many motor neurons are needed to carry an action potential from the spinal cord to smooth muscles in the wall of the intestine?

A

Two neurons are needed to carry an action potential from the spinal cord to smooth muscles in the intestine. The first neuron carries the action potential from the spinal cord to the autonomic ganglion, (preganglionic) and a second neuron carries the action potential from the autonomic ganglion to the smooth muscles in the intestinal wall.(post ganglionic)

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4
Q

While out for a walk, Julie suddenly meets an angry dog. Which division of the ANS is responsible for the physiological changes that occur in Julie as she turns and runs?

A

The sympathetic division of the ANS is responsible for the physiological changes that occur in response to stress (confronting an angry dog) and increased activity (running).

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5
Q

Which type of ganglionic neuron innervates visceral organs in the abdominopelvic cavity?

A

Collateral ganglionic neurons innervate visceral organs in the abdominopelvic cavity

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6
Q

Describe the positions of the sympathetic chain ganglia and collateral ganglia relative to the vertebral column.

A

Sympathetic chain ganglia lie on each side of the vertebral column; they are also called paravertebral ganglia. Collateral ganglia are anterior to the vertebral column; they are also called prevertebral ganglia.

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7
Q

Where do the nerves that synapse in collateral ganglia originate?

A

T 1 and L2

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8
Q

Fibers arise in the spinal cord segments _______ (thoracolumbar division)

A

T1 -L2 (lethal tigers lurking)

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9
Q

Many pre-ganglionic fibers are ______

A

Short

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10
Q

Many post-ganglionic fibers are ________

A

Long

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11
Q

_______________ carry preganglionic fibers from spinal nerve to sympathetic ganglia

A

white ramus communicans

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12
Q

_________________ carry post-ganglionic fibers from sympathetic ganglia to spinal nerves to effector organ

A

gray ramus communicans

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13
Q

The_____________ coordinates cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive functions.

A

Autonomic nervous system

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14
Q

______neurons the CNS send axons to synapse on_________ neuronsin ______________ ganglia outside the CNS

A

Preganglionic neurons , ganglionic neurons,autonomic ganglia

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15
Q

What is another name for Preganglionic fibers from the thoracic and lumbar segments form the sympathetic division?

A

thoracolumbar division

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16
Q

what is another name for Preganglionic fibers leaving the brain and sacral segments form the parasympathetic division?

A

craniosacral division

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17
Q

Identify the two types of sympathetic ganglia

A

sympathetic chain ganglia (paravertebral ganglia) and collateral ganglia (prevertebral ganglia)

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18
Q

T or F. The ANS maintains homeostasis and operates with our conscious control.

A

False, the ANS operates without our conscious control

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19
Q

T or F. The ANS subconsciously controls visceral effectors

A

True.

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20
Q

Identify the different body system that the ANS controls

A

Cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, Urinary, and reproductive funtions

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21
Q

T or F. The ANS only consists of motor neurons

A

True

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22
Q

Identify the center/ area that brings together sensory info and processes it to create a motor response

A

Integrative centers in hypothalamus

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23
Q

identify where motor neurons of CNS synapse

A

Visceral motor neurons in autonomic ganglia

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24
Q

where do sympatheic preganglionic neurons originate?

A

Brainstem and spinal cord

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25
Q

What is an autonomic ganglia?

A

Its a cluster of nerve cell of postganglionic neurons that innervates visceral effectors

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26
Q

describe the difference between a cholinergic synapse and adrenergic synapse

A

cholingeric synapse is when the nerurotramistter is Ach and Adrenergic is a neurotrasmitter that is not ACh like NE and No

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27
Q

Identify the different types of receptors

A

Muscarinic, Alpha 1 & 2, and Beta 1 &2

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28
Q

Where do all neurons originate in the spinal cord and where do they exit

A

lateral gray horn and exit through ventral root

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29
Q

T or F. postganglionic neurons in the para symp system are cholinergic (release ach)

A

True, they will always release ACh

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30
Q

preganlionc neurons orignate in _____ and most are ________ which makes them faster

A

CNS and Myelinated

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31
Q

Post-ganlionic neurons originate in ___________ and are ________which makes them slower

A

autonomic ganglion and unmyelinated

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32
Q

Identify the two types of adrenergic receptors

A
  1. A 1, 2 and B 1, 2
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33
Q

Which division prepares the body to deal with emergencies

A

Sympathetic (“fight or flight”)

34
Q

Which division helps the body conserve energy and maintains resting metabolic rate

A

Parasympathetic (“rest and digest”)

35
Q

Describe the opposing effect of the sympathetic and parasympathetic division

A

if the S division has a excitatory response, then the parasympathetic division will have an inhibitory effect

36
Q

Identify the response for the sympathetic division

A
  1. Heighten mental alertness
  2. Increased metabolic rate
  3. reduced digestive and urinary functions
  4. Activation of energy reserves
  5. Faster, deeper breathing
  6. increased hear rate and blood pressure
  7. activation of sweat glands
  8. increased blood to skeletal muscle and brain
37
Q

Preganlionic fibers are _____in lenght, oringate in ____________ horns and exit through _____________ roots

A

short, lateral gray horns, and ventral roots

38
Q

T or F. Post ganglionic fibers of the Symp div are unmyelinated and one gives rise to multiple fibers and targets

A

true.

39
Q

identify the different ganglia where postganglionic fibers can synapsein the symp div

A
  1. sympathetic chain ganglia
  2. Collateral ganglia
  3. Adrenal medulla
40
Q

what effectors do sympathetic chain ganglia controls

A

thoracic cavity, head, neck, and limbs

41
Q

if inside thoracic cavity, fiber runs through _________

A

sympathetic nerves

42
Q

if outside thoracic cavity, fibers runs through _________________ to ___________

A

gray ramus communicants to spinal nerves

43
Q

since collateral ganglia passes through the sympatheic chain, what does it form?

A

Splanchnic nerves

44
Q

identify the different types of ganglia postganglionic fibers rin through in collateral ganglia

A
  1. Celiac ganglia
  2. Superior mesenteric ganglia
  3. Inferior mesenteric ganglia
45
Q

identify the ganglia that a postganglionic fibers must travel to reach the stomach, liver, pancreas, and spleen

A

Celiac ganglia

46
Q

identify the ganglia that a postganglionic fibers must travel to reach the small intestine, some of large intestine

A

superior mesenteric ganglia

47
Q

identify the ganglia that a postganglionic fibers must travel to reach the rectum, kidney, bladder and sex organs

A

inferior mesentric ganglia

48
Q

identify the ganglia that is called “modified sympathetic ganglion”

A

Adrenal medulla

49
Q

Adrenal medulla have very ______axons and _____ synapse in sympatheic ganglia, ______ through collateral ganglia

A

short, do not, pass

50
Q

where is adrenal medulla located

A

its like a little hat ontop of kidney

51
Q

T or F. Adernal medulla releases Epi and Ne at synapse with end organ

A

Flase. it dose relase epi and Ne but into the blood stream. it never synapses with end organ

52
Q

T or F. Epiderphrine is not adrenaline and Norepinephrine is adrenaline

A

False. Epi= adrenaline Ne= not adrenaline

53
Q

T or F. Adernal medulla functions as hormones. why?

A

True because they go through the blood stream

54
Q

___________ stimulates more alpha receptors than beta receptors

A

Norepinephrine

55
Q

_________ stimulates both

A

Epinerphrine

56
Q

T or F. receptors have all the control over how the neurotransmitter affects the target cell.

A

True. can have a inhibitory or excitatory response

57
Q

Alpha 1 receptors are in the ________ division. They have an _________ effect and are found in __________

A

symp div. excitatory effect. and are found lining tissue

58
Q

Alpha 2 receptros are in the ______ division. They have an __________ effect and are found on ___________

A

Symp div. Inhibitory effect and are found on preganglionic neurons

59
Q

Beta 1 receptors are in the _______ divison. They have an _________ effect and are found______

A

Symp div. excitatory effect and are found lining heart

60
Q

Beta 2 receptros are in the ________division. They have an ________ effect and are found around the __________

A

symp div. Inhibitory, and around lungs

61
Q

what is bronchdilation

A

opens up lungs causing more oxygen

62
Q

T or F. Most sympathetic postgnalgioc fibers release NE and are considered Cholinergic synapses

A

False. they are adrenergic synapses

63
Q

If an exception is made and a postganglionic fibers releases ach, what happens?

A

sweat glands are stimulated

64
Q

If an exception is made and a postganglionic fibers releases nitric oxide what happens?

A

Vasodilation happens in skeletal muscles and brain. (make blood vessels bigger, increase in blood flow).

65
Q

identify the parasympathetic division

A
  1. decresed metabloic rate
  2. decresed heart rate and blood presuure
  3. increased secretion by salivary glands and digestive glands
  4. increased motility and blood flow in digestive tract
  5. stimulation of urination and defeacation
66
Q

which division is none as the craniosacral division and why?

A

parasym div because it consists of cranial nerves and sacral spinal cord S2 - S 4

67
Q

In the parasym div are preganglionic neurons shorter or longer

A

longer, since they are fat from spinal cord

68
Q

T or F. in the parasym div, one ganglion only goes to one single effector organ

A

True

69
Q

Why are postgnalsionic fibers in the parasymp div shorter?

A

Since they are closer to the effector organs they are shorter

70
Q

Describe the diffrence between terminal and intramural

A

terminal means ganglion is near effector organ and intramural menas in the wall of the organ

71
Q

identify the types of terminal ganglia

A
  1. Ciliary ganglia
  2. otic ganglia
  3. submandibular ganglia
72
Q

identify the cranial nerves in ciliary ganglia

A

oculomotor

pre ganglion = from nerve
post = innervates pupil

73
Q

identify the CN in otic ganglia

A

glossopharyngeal

preganglion = from nerve
post= innervates salivary glands

74
Q

identify the CN in Submandibular ganglia

A

Facial
Pre= from nerve
post= innervates salivary glands, lacrimal galnds

75
Q

75% of all parasympatheic outflow comes from ________ nerve

A

Vagus

76
Q

Overstimulation of vagus causes

A

vasovagal reaction

77
Q

When an Alpha 1 receptor is stimulated by norepinephrine, the response by the effector is _____

A

Vasoconstriction of blood vessels

78
Q

in which division of the PNS would you find an intramural synapse?

A

Parasymp Div

79
Q

receptros on skeletal muscle fibers that receive (ach) from postgannglionic recpetors are

A

nicotinic receptors

80
Q

Nicotinic receptors are in the _______ div. They have a ________effect and occur at _______

A

Parasymp div. excitatory. at neuromuscular junctions

81
Q
A

A&P 1 (3 decks)

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