Autonomic nervous system Flashcards
The somatic nervous system affects skeletal muscles. Name effectors of the autonomic nervous system.
The autonomic nervous system affects smooth muscles, glands, cardiac muscle, and adipocytes.
Identify the two major divisions of the ANS.
The two major divisions of the ANS are the sympathetic division and the parasympathetic division.
How many motor neurons are needed to carry an action potential from the spinal cord to smooth muscles in the wall of the intestine?
Two neurons are needed to carry an action potential from the spinal cord to smooth muscles in the intestine. The first neuron carries the action potential from the spinal cord to the autonomic ganglion, (preganglionic) and a second neuron carries the action potential from the autonomic ganglion to the smooth muscles in the intestinal wall.(post ganglionic)
While out for a walk, Julie suddenly meets an angry dog. Which division of the ANS is responsible for the physiological changes that occur in Julie as she turns and runs?
The sympathetic division of the ANS is responsible for the physiological changes that occur in response to stress (confronting an angry dog) and increased activity (running).
Which type of ganglionic neuron innervates visceral organs in the abdominopelvic cavity?
Collateral ganglionic neurons innervate visceral organs in the abdominopelvic cavity
Describe the positions of the sympathetic chain ganglia and collateral ganglia relative to the vertebral column.
Sympathetic chain ganglia lie on each side of the vertebral column; they are also called paravertebral ganglia. Collateral ganglia are anterior to the vertebral column; they are also called prevertebral ganglia.
Where do the nerves that synapse in collateral ganglia originate?
T 1 and L2
Fibers arise in the spinal cord segments _______ (thoracolumbar division)
T1 -L2 (lethal tigers lurking)
Many pre-ganglionic fibers are ______
Short
Many post-ganglionic fibers are ________
Long
_______________ carry preganglionic fibers from spinal nerve to sympathetic ganglia
white ramus communicans
_________________ carry post-ganglionic fibers from sympathetic ganglia to spinal nerves to effector organ
gray ramus communicans
The_____________ coordinates cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive functions.
Autonomic nervous system
______neurons the CNS send axons to synapse on_________ neuronsin ______________ ganglia outside the CNS
Preganglionic neurons , ganglionic neurons,autonomic ganglia
What is another name for Preganglionic fibers from the thoracic and lumbar segments form the sympathetic division?
thoracolumbar division
what is another name for Preganglionic fibers leaving the brain and sacral segments form the parasympathetic division?
craniosacral division
Identify the two types of sympathetic ganglia
sympathetic chain ganglia (paravertebral ganglia) and collateral ganglia (prevertebral ganglia)
T or F. The ANS maintains homeostasis and operates with our conscious control.
False, the ANS operates without our conscious control
T or F. The ANS subconsciously controls visceral effectors
True.
Identify the different body system that the ANS controls
Cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, Urinary, and reproductive funtions
T or F. The ANS only consists of motor neurons
True
Identify the center/ area that brings together sensory info and processes it to create a motor response
Integrative centers in hypothalamus
identify where motor neurons of CNS synapse
Visceral motor neurons in autonomic ganglia
where do sympatheic preganglionic neurons originate?
Brainstem and spinal cord
What is an autonomic ganglia?
Its a cluster of nerve cell of postganglionic neurons that innervates visceral effectors
describe the difference between a cholinergic synapse and adrenergic synapse
cholingeric synapse is when the nerurotramistter is Ach and Adrenergic is a neurotrasmitter that is not ACh like NE and No
Identify the different types of receptors
Muscarinic, Alpha 1 & 2, and Beta 1 &2
Where do all neurons originate in the spinal cord and where do they exit
lateral gray horn and exit through ventral root
T or F. postganglionic neurons in the para symp system are cholinergic (release ach)
True, they will always release ACh
preganlionc neurons orignate in _____ and most are ________ which makes them faster
CNS and Myelinated
Post-ganlionic neurons originate in ___________ and are ________which makes them slower
autonomic ganglion and unmyelinated
Identify the two types of adrenergic receptors
- A 1, 2 and B 1, 2
Which division prepares the body to deal with emergencies
Sympathetic (“fight or flight”)
Which division helps the body conserve energy and maintains resting metabolic rate
Parasympathetic (“rest and digest”)
Describe the opposing effect of the sympathetic and parasympathetic division
if the S division has a excitatory response, then the parasympathetic division will have an inhibitory effect
Identify the response for the sympathetic division
- Heighten mental alertness
- Increased metabolic rate
- reduced digestive and urinary functions
- Activation of energy reserves
- Faster, deeper breathing
- increased hear rate and blood pressure
- activation of sweat glands
- increased blood to skeletal muscle and brain
Preganlionic fibers are _____in lenght, oringate in ____________ horns and exit through _____________ roots
short, lateral gray horns, and ventral roots
T or F. Post ganglionic fibers of the Symp div are unmyelinated and one gives rise to multiple fibers and targets
true.
identify the different ganglia where postganglionic fibers can synapsein the symp div
- sympathetic chain ganglia
- Collateral ganglia
- Adrenal medulla
what effectors do sympathetic chain ganglia controls
thoracic cavity, head, neck, and limbs
if inside thoracic cavity, fiber runs through _________
sympathetic nerves
if outside thoracic cavity, fibers runs through _________________ to ___________
gray ramus communicants to spinal nerves
since collateral ganglia passes through the sympatheic chain, what does it form?
Splanchnic nerves
identify the different types of ganglia postganglionic fibers rin through in collateral ganglia
- Celiac ganglia
- Superior mesenteric ganglia
- Inferior mesenteric ganglia
identify the ganglia that a postganglionic fibers must travel to reach the stomach, liver, pancreas, and spleen
Celiac ganglia
identify the ganglia that a postganglionic fibers must travel to reach the small intestine, some of large intestine
superior mesenteric ganglia
identify the ganglia that a postganglionic fibers must travel to reach the rectum, kidney, bladder and sex organs
inferior mesentric ganglia
identify the ganglia that is called “modified sympathetic ganglion”
Adrenal medulla
Adrenal medulla have very ______axons and _____ synapse in sympatheic ganglia, ______ through collateral ganglia
short, do not, pass
where is adrenal medulla located
its like a little hat ontop of kidney
T or F. Adernal medulla releases Epi and Ne at synapse with end organ
Flase. it dose relase epi and Ne but into the blood stream. it never synapses with end organ
T or F. Epiderphrine is not adrenaline and Norepinephrine is adrenaline
False. Epi= adrenaline Ne= not adrenaline
T or F. Adernal medulla functions as hormones. why?
True because they go through the blood stream
___________ stimulates more alpha receptors than beta receptors
Norepinephrine
_________ stimulates both
Epinerphrine
T or F. receptors have all the control over how the neurotransmitter affects the target cell.
True. can have a inhibitory or excitatory response
Alpha 1 receptors are in the ________ division. They have an _________ effect and are found in __________
symp div. excitatory effect. and are found lining tissue
Alpha 2 receptros are in the ______ division. They have an __________ effect and are found on ___________
Symp div. Inhibitory effect and are found on preganglionic neurons
Beta 1 receptors are in the _______ divison. They have an _________ effect and are found______
Symp div. excitatory effect and are found lining heart
Beta 2 receptros are in the ________division. They have an ________ effect and are found around the __________
symp div. Inhibitory, and around lungs
what is bronchdilation
opens up lungs causing more oxygen
T or F. Most sympathetic postgnalgioc fibers release NE and are considered Cholinergic synapses
False. they are adrenergic synapses
If an exception is made and a postganglionic fibers releases ach, what happens?
sweat glands are stimulated
If an exception is made and a postganglionic fibers releases nitric oxide what happens?
Vasodilation happens in skeletal muscles and brain. (make blood vessels bigger, increase in blood flow).
identify the parasympathetic division
- decresed metabloic rate
- decresed heart rate and blood presuure
- increased secretion by salivary glands and digestive glands
- increased motility and blood flow in digestive tract
- stimulation of urination and defeacation
which division is none as the craniosacral division and why?
parasym div because it consists of cranial nerves and sacral spinal cord S2 - S 4
In the parasym div are preganglionic neurons shorter or longer
longer, since they are fat from spinal cord
T or F. in the parasym div, one ganglion only goes to one single effector organ
True
Why are postgnalsionic fibers in the parasymp div shorter?
Since they are closer to the effector organs they are shorter
Describe the diffrence between terminal and intramural
terminal means ganglion is near effector organ and intramural menas in the wall of the organ
identify the types of terminal ganglia
- Ciliary ganglia
- otic ganglia
- submandibular ganglia
identify the cranial nerves in ciliary ganglia
oculomotor
pre ganglion = from nerve
post = innervates pupil
identify the CN in otic ganglia
glossopharyngeal
preganglion = from nerve
post= innervates salivary glands
identify the CN in Submandibular ganglia
Facial
Pre= from nerve
post= innervates salivary glands, lacrimal galnds
75% of all parasympatheic outflow comes from ________ nerve
Vagus
Overstimulation of vagus causes
vasovagal reaction
When an Alpha 1 receptor is stimulated by norepinephrine, the response by the effector is _____
Vasoconstriction of blood vessels
in which division of the PNS would you find an intramural synapse?
Parasymp Div
receptros on skeletal muscle fibers that receive (ach) from postgannglionic recpetors are
nicotinic receptors
Nicotinic receptors are in the _______ div. They have a ________effect and occur at _______
Parasymp div. excitatory. at neuromuscular junctions
