Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

Where does the Sympathetic Nervous system originate

Answer 1

Spinal cord, Thoracolumbar T1 to L2

Question 2

Where does the Parasympathetic nervous system originate

Answer 2

Craniosacral
C3, 5, 7, 9, 10 to S2,3,4

Question 3

Where does the enteric nervous system originate

Answer 3

Auerbach plexus

Question 4

Effects of Sympathetic Nervous System

Answer 4

Dilated Pupils
Inhibit Salivation
Relaxes Bronchi
Increases Heart beat
Inhibits Peristalsis and Secretion
Stimulates Glucose production and release
StimulatesAdrenalin and Noradrenaline
Inhibit bladder contraction
Stimulates Orgasm

Question 5

Effects of parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 5

Constricted Pupils
Stimulates Salivation
Constricts Bronchi
Decreases Heart beat
Stimulates Peristalsis and secretion
No Glucose formation and secretion
Stimulates Bile secretion
Bladder contracts

Question 6

What receptors does the parasympathetic post ganglionic neurotransmitters (Acetylcholine) act on

Answer 6

Muscarinic R

Question 7

What receptors do the postganglionic somatic nervous system neurotransmitter (Ach) as the on

Answer 7

Nicotinic N1

Question 8

What are sweat glands innervated by

Answer 8

Postganglionic Cholinergic sympathetic

Question 9

What are the effects of inhibiting ACh vesicular release into synapse

Answer 9

Inhibition of sweating, dry warm skin
Inhibition of salivation with symptoms of dry mouth
Pupillary dilation

Question 10

What are the effects of Anticholinesterases

Answer 10

Sweating, salivation, bradycardia, hypotension, diarrhoea, urinary incontinence, muscle fasciculation, paralysis, lacrimation

Question 11

What is the precursor for catecholamine neurotransmitters

Answer 11

Tyrosine from diet

Question 12

What are the negative feedback mechanisms of Adrenergic receptors

Answer 12

1. When high levels of cytosolic NE - negative feedback with inhibition of Tyrosine hydroxylase. (Decreased conversion of tyrosine to Levo -dopa)
2. NE binds to autoreceptor alpha 2 to leading to negative feedback decreasing NE production. (Alpha 2 receptors are inhibitory)

Question 13

Autonomic nervous system : sympathetic receptor functions ( alpha 1, 2, Beta 1, beta 2 and D1)

Answer 13

Alpha 1- vascular smooth muscle (increase vascular smooth muscle contraction)
Alpha 2- CNS (decreased sympathetic outflow)
Beta 1- cardiac ( increase HR, increase contraction and increase renin)
Beta 2 -Bronchi ( bronchodilation, vasodilation)
D 1- renal, coronary, cerebral, splanchnic (relaxes renal vasculature smooth muscle)

Question 14

Cholinergic receptors functions ( Mascurinic and nicotine)

Answer 14

N1- CNS
N2- cardiac
N3- glands, smooth muscle, endothelium
N4- CNS
N5- CNS
M1- skeletal muscle
M2- postganglionic