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Therapeutics I > Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

ANS is apart of which other nervous system?

A

Peripheral Nervous System

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2
Q

ANS regulates activity of ______ and ________, glands, lymphoid, and some adipose tissue

A

smooth and cardiac muscle

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3
Q

where is the first neuron in the ANS found?

A

CNS

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4
Q

Where is the second neuron of the ANS found?

A

PNS

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5
Q

the first neuron is also called the _____?

A

preganglionic neuron

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6
Q

the second neuron is also called the ____?

A

postganglionic neuron

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7
Q

the primary transmitter of all preganglionic neurons is

A

acetylcholine

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8
Q

transmitter in ALL PSNS postganglionic neurons is

A

acetylcholine

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9
Q

transmitter in most SNS postganglionic neurons is

A

norepinephrine

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10
Q

postganglionic neuron- peripheral or central

A

peripheral

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11
Q

what neurotransmitter do we have in sweat glands?

A

acetylcholine

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12
Q

what neurotransmitter do we have in adrenal medulla?

A

epinephrine

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13
Q

what neurotransmitter do we have in renal vasculature

A

dopamine

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14
Q

preganglionic neurons have a (short/long) path to the parasympathetic nervous system

A

long

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15
Q

parasympathetic nervous system has which type of receptor

A

muscarinic

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16
Q

preganglionic neurons release ______ to activate ______ receptors on postganglionic neurons

A

acetylcholine, nicotine

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17
Q

postganglionic neurons have a (long/short) path in the parasympathetic nervous system

A

short

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18
Q

postganglionic neurons release ______ to activate ______ receptors on the target organ

A

acetylcholine, muscarinic

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19
Q

preganglionic neurons have a (long/short) path to the sympathetic nervous system

A

short

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20
Q

describe the synapse involved between preganglionic neurons and the sympathetic nervous system

A

postganglionic neurons near spinal cord

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21
Q

describe the synapse involved between preganglionic neurons and the parasympathetic nervous system

A

postganglionic neurons at or near organ

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22
Q

describe the synapse between postganglionic neurons and the parasympathetic nervous system

A

synapse on the target organ

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23
Q

describe the synapse between postganglionic neurons and the sympathetic nervous system

A

synapse on the target organ

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24
Q

what neurotransmitter is released when we get sweaty palms

A

norepinephrine

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25
Q

postganglionic neurons involved with thermoregulation release ______

A

acetylcholine

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26
Q

adrenal glands release ______ into systemic circulation

A

epinephrine

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27
Q

kidneys are affected by what neurotransmitter?

A

dopamine

28
Q

which neurotransmitter is mainly synthesized locally- not in the ANS

A

dopamine

29
Q

most postganglionic sympathetic neurons release what neurotransmitter? (asked twice=important)

A

norepinephrine

30
Q

drugs are mostly (pre/post)ganglionic?

A

postganglionic

31
Q

parasympathetic or sympathetic: Cholinergic

A

parasympathetic

32
Q

parasympathetic or sympathetic: Adrenergic

A

sympathetic

33
Q

muscarine and nicotine are part of which nervous system?

A

parasympathetic

34
Q

acetylcholine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine are exogenous or endogenous

A

endogenous

35
Q

what two cholinergic compounds are exogenous

A

muscarine and nicotine

36
Q

drugs that mimic neurotransmitters are referred to as

A

receptor agonists

37
Q

drugs that block neurotransmitters are referred to as

A

receptor antagonists

38
Q

what are the two primary ANS receptors?

A

cholinoceptors and adrenoceptors

39
Q

cholinoreceptors consist of which two subreceptors?

A

muscarinic and nicotinic

40
Q

adrenoreceptors consist of which two subreceptors?

A

alpha and beta

41
Q

nicotine receptors are found where?

A

ganglionic, skeletal muscle, neuronal CNS

42
Q

nicotinic receptor has how many subunits

A

5

43
Q

nicotinic receptor:
open _____-gated __ channels depolarize the membrane, lead to opening of _____-gated __ channels to produce action potential

A

ligand, Na+, voltage, sodium

44
Q

everything that is cholinergic deals with which neurotransmitter?

A

acetylcholine

45
Q

all muscarinic receptors are _______

A

GCPRs

46
Q

M1, M3, and M5 signal transduction goes through which g protein

A

Gq

47
Q

M2 and M4 signal transduction goes through which g protein

A

Gi

48
Q

Gq pathway goes through ___ and ___

A

IP3 and DAG

49
Q

most common second messenger in regards to Gi and Gs

A

cAMP

50
Q

main function of a1 receptor

A

mediate vasoconstriction

51
Q

a1 mostly found where

A

smooth muscle

52
Q

a1 signals via ___ pathway

A

Gq

53
Q

a2 signals via __ pathway

A

Gi

54
Q

a2 found (pre/post) synaptically and function as autoreceptors to inhibit _________ ________

A

pre, sympathetic output

55
Q

B1, B2, B3 subtypes signal via ___ pathway

A

Gs

56
Q

M and B receptors are (opposing/unopposing)

A

opposing

57
Q

many drugs exhibit _________ effects

A

anticholinergic

58
Q

ANS deals with which common health topics

A

Blood pressure, heart function, bronchoconstriction/dilation

59
Q

pharmacology of sympathetic mechanisms involving ________ and ______ and their receptors = adrenergic pharmacology

A

norepinephrine and epinephrine

60
Q

pharmacology of parasympathetic mechanisms involving _________ and its receptors= cholinergic pharmacology

A

acetylcholine

61
Q

adrenergic response in the heart:
(increase/decrease) rate of contraction and force of contraction

A

increase, increase

62
Q

cholinergic response in the heart:
(increase/decrease) rate of contraction and force of contraction

A

decrease, decrease

63
Q

mainly which receptor for adrenergic response in the heart

A

B1

64
Q

mainly which subunit for cholinergic response in the heart

A

M2

65
Q

3 sites with predominant tone that is sympathetic

A

arterioles, veins, sweat glands

66
Q

important target for bronchodilation (one of the subunits)

A

B2

Therapeutics I (4 decks)

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