Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

LQB388 > Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Two division of the Motor Nervous System:

A
  • Somatic Nervous system

- Autonomic Nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How is ANS linked to target tissue?

A

Two neural pathway:

  • pre-ganglionic neuron in: CNS
  • Post-ganglionic neuron in: Autonomic Ganglion
  • Neuroeffector Junction in: Peripheral Tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Division of the Autonomic Nervous System:

A

Sympathetic: fight or flight
Parasympathetic: rest & digest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Sympathetic Nervous system Functions:

A
  • preps body to fight or escape
  • preps body for esoteric activities i.e. exercise
  • involved in behavioral responses e.g. stress & fear
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Consequences of Increased Activity of Sympathetic Division:

A
  • ^ heart rate
  • ^ blood pressure/stroke volume
  • dilation of pupils, airways, & blood vessels to muscles
  • contraction of urogenital sphincters
  • decreased motility of digestive tract
  • reproductive system attenuated
    collectively: ^ BSL, enhance delivery of oxygenated blood to muscle, & potentiate visual awareness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System Functions:

A
  • preps other systems of body for rest
    facilitates relaxation & recuperation
  • restores metabolic energy stores & enables rest & recovery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Consequences of Increased Activity of Sympathetic Division:

A
  • decreased heart rate
  • constriction of pupils
  • increased motility & secretion of digestive enzymes in digestive tract
  • decrease in metabolic rate
  • relaxation of urogenital sphincters/ stimulation of defecation & urination
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Sympathetic Pre-ganglionic Neurons:

A
  • cell body: lateral horns of upper spinal cord
  • small diameter myelinated axon leaves spinal cord via ventral roots
  • synapses with post ganglionic neurons in sympathetic chain ganglia or collateral ganglia
  • short neurons
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Sympathetic Post-ganglionic Neurons:

A
  • cell bodes in either sympathetic chain ganglia or collateral ganglia
  • small diameter eliminated axons & axon terminal in peripheral nerves
  • comparative long(compared to pre-ganglionic neurons of sympathetic division)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Parasympathetic Pre-Ganglionic Neurons:

A
  • cell bodies in brain stem or lateral horns
  • unmeylinated axons leave brain stem via cranial nerves or spinal cord via ventral roots
  • synapse with post-ganglionic neurons in terminal ganglia in/ close to peripheral tissue they innervate
  • long neurons
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Parasympathetic Post-ganglionic Neurons:

A
  • cell bodies in termianl ganglia or peripheral tissue
  • short, small diameter myelinated or unmyelinated axons in peripheral nerves
  • short neurons
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Sympathetic: Neurotransmitter & receptor of Pre-Ganglionic Neurons:

A
  • releases neurotransitter (ACh)
  • ACh binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (ionotropic receptor)
  • causes excitation of post-ganglionic
  • depolarizes post-synaptic membrane by opening a cation non-selective channel
  • ESPS large enough to cause AP in Post-G
  • excites Post-G neurons
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Sympathetic: Neurotransmitter & receptor of Post-Ganglionic Neurons:

A
  • releases nor-adrenaline as neurotransmitter

- receptors (adrenergic receptors) located in plasma membrane innervated by post-G neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Parasympathetic: Neurotransmitter & receptor of Pre-Ganglionic Neurons:

A
  • releases ACh as neurotransmitter
  • ACh binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (ioniotropic receptor)
  • depolarizes post-synaptic membrane by opening cation non-selective ion channel
  • ESPS large enough to cause AP in Post-G
  • excites Post-G neurons
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Sympathetic: Neurotransmitter & receptor of Post-Ganglionic Neurons:

A
  • releases acetylcholine as neurotransmitter
  • binds to muscarinic acetylcholine receptors
  • metabolic receptors
  • mediate their effect by an intra-cellular second messenger
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Dual Innervation:

A
  • most visceral organs are innervated by sympathetic & parasympathetic divisions
  • two division usually exert opposite effects
17
Q

Example of Dual Innervation - Eyes:

A

Sympathetic: pupil dilate
Parasympathetic: pupil constrict

18
Q

Example of Dual Innervation - Liver:

A

Sympathetic: glycogen breakdown
Parasympathetic: glycogen synthesis

19
Q

Example of Dual Innervation - Heart:

A

Sympathetic: increased rate of contraction, increased force of contraction
Parasympathetic: decreased rate of contraction, decreased force of contraction of atria.

20
Q

Example of Dual Innervation - Lungs:

A

Sympathetic: dilation of bronchioles
Parasympathetic: constriction of bronchioles

21
Q

Example of Dual Innervation - Digestive System:

A

Sympathetic: decreases motility, contraction of sphincters, decreased secretions.
Parasympathetic: increased motility, relaxation of sphincters, increases secretions

22
Q

Antagonistic Effect in Autonomic System:

A

organ is controlled by two different kinds of nerves (double innervation), and the effects of nerves on the organ are opposite

23
Q

Cooperative Effects in Autonomic System:

A

Some tissues that receive dual innervation act cooperatively to produce the same effect.
e.g. both division work together to produce an erection

24
Q

What structures are innervated by only ONE division of ANS?

A

Skin, Blood Vessel, Tear Glands

25
Q

Which division is skin innervated by & what is its effect?

A

Sympathetic:

- sweat gland secretion, contraction of arrector pili muscles

26
Q

Which division are blood vessels innervated by & what is its effect?

A

Sympathetic:

  • vasoconstriction of skin & digestive tract blood vessels
  • dilation of skeletal & cardiac muscle blood vessels
27
Q

Which division are tear glands innervated by & what is its effect?

A

Parasympathetic:

- secretion of tears

28
Q

Three Structural components of Adrenal Medulla:

A
  • Adrenal Gland
  • Outer Shell (Cortex)
  • Inner Core (medulla)
29
Q

Structural components of Adrenal Medulla - Adrenal Gland:

A
  • small endocrine gland (top of kidneys) innervated by ANS
30
Q

Structural components of Adrenal Medulla - Outer Shell (Cortex)

A
  • steroid hormones
31
Q

Structural components of Adrenal Medulla - Inner Core (Medulla)

A
  • chromaffin cells -> innervated by sympathetic pre-G neurons
  • secretes adrenaline & nor-adrenaline into blood stream
  • reinforces actions of sympathetic division
32
Q

Major difference between the adrenal medulla and sympathetic post-ganglionic neurons

A
  • chemicals secreted by adrenal medulla are hormones that enter the blood stream
    exert influence over cells throughout the body
33
Q

ANS Control Systems:

A

neural circuits in brain-stem & spinal cord that regulate activity in pre-G neurons

34
Q

ANS Autonomic Reflexes:

A

Afferent Limb: sensory neuron monitor tissues

Efferent Limb: mediated by sympathetic & parasympathetic division

35
Q

ANS Autonomic Control Centers:

A

complex neural circuits, brain-stem and spinal cord

  • selectively modify activity is specific pop of pre-G neurons
  • coordinate more complex interactions in peripheral tissues
36
Q

Pupillary Reflex:

A

stimulus: bright light -> reflex constriction of pupil in both eyes

37
Q

Voiding Reflex:

A

stimulus: bladder filling -> reflex contraction of wall -> relaxation of internal sphincter -> bladder empties

38
Q

Adrenergic Receptors:

A

receptors on the surface of cells that get activated when they bind a type of neurotransmitter called a catecholamine

39
Q

Muscarinic Receptors:

A

recognize the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, translating this recognition into electrical transients and altered cell behavior by activating and suppressing an assortment of signaling pathways

LQB388 (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions