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Medsci 204 > Autonomic nervous system > Flashcards

Autonomic nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

What is homotropic presynaptic inhibition?

A

A transmitter acts on a presynpatic receptor to inhibiti its own relase

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2
Q

What does co-transmission mean?

A

the release and action of more than one transmitter at a nerve terminal

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3
Q

What’s the mechanism by which Ach signaling at the synapse is terminated>

A

Ach degraded by acetylcholinesterase

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4
Q

What are the two classes of Ach receptors?

A

Muscarinic and nicotinic

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5
Q

Which of the two classes of Ach receptors are a better target for drugs? and why?

A

Muscarinic as the receptors aren’t as widespread as nicotinic receptors which are found throughout the ANS

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6
Q

What effect do cholinergic agonists (parasympathomimetics) have on the heart?

A

Slows the heart rate

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7
Q

What is the difference between NA and Ach containing synaptic vesicles?

A

NA containing vesicles also contain ATP

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8
Q

What’s the difference between the VMAt transporter and NET transporter?

A

VMAT packages NA into vesicles. NET takes up NA from synapse into presynaptic nerve terminal

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9
Q

What does the enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO) do and where is it found?

A

Metabolises NA and found in presynaptic terminals

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10
Q

What effect do beta-2 adrenergic agonists have on bronchial smooth muscle

A

Stimulates relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle

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11
Q

Give and example of a beta-2 adrenergic agonist

A

Salbutamol

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12
Q

Give two mechanisms by which drugs can affect NA release

A

Effects on a-2 receptor, effects on NA storage, effects on exocytosis, indirectly acting sympathomimeticsq

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13
Q

What is the effect on neurotransmisson when presynaptic receptors are activated at a muscarinic synapse?

A

Decreased (activate autoinhibatory feedback loop which inhibits further Ach release)

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14
Q

What is the effect on neurotransmission when presynaptic receptors are activated at a nicotinic synapse?

A

Increased (feedback loop that enhances further Ach release)

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15
Q

What is the rate limiting step in Ach synthesis?

A

Choline uptake into the nerve terminal by the transporter

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16
Q

What is neuromodulation?

A

The effect of other chemical mediators on synaptic transmission

17
Q

What is homotropic presynaptic inhibition?

A

the transmitter acts on a presynaptic receptor to inhibit further transmitter release (auto inhibition)

18
Q

What is heterotropic presynaptic inhibition?

A

the transmitter acts on a presynaptic receptor to inhibit the release of a second neurotransmitter

19
Q

What is postsynaptic modulation?

A

Chemical mediators influence postsynaptic receptors to alter excitability or cell firing

20
Q

What is NANC transmission?

A

Non-adrenergic, non cholinergic transmission. Drugs that block the responses to Ach and NA signaling does not completely block autonomic neurotransmission

21
Q

What is co transmission?

A

Nerve terminals store and release more than one neurotransmitter
e.g. ATP & NA

22
Q

What are the sites off ACh action?

A

released by all preganglionic neurons and post ganglionic in the parasympth

stimulates secretion of adrenaline by the adrenal medulla

23
Q

What does Hemichoinium inhibit?

A

The Choline uptaker

24
Q

What does Neo stigmine inhibit?

A

the AChE (inhibition of ACh breakdown enzyme) is used to treat mysanthia gravis

25
Q

What does Vesamicol inhibit?

A

The putting of ACh into vesicles

26
Q

What does botox inhibit?

A

The exocytosis os ACh vesicles

27
Q

What does 4 aminopyrimidine do?

A

Enhances release of ACh vesicles

28
Q

What does neostigmine do?

A

prevents breakdown of ACH by inhibiting AChE

used for treating myasthenia gravis

29
Q

What antagonists directly block ACh?

A

Pilocarpine or atropine

30
Q

Muscarinic antagonists …….

A

inhibit bronchial and gastric secretion
relax smooth muscle
increase heart rate

31
Q

Nicotinic antagonists……

A

Are muscle relaxers

32
Q

Tropicamide

A

drug used to dilate pupils

cholinergic antagonist

33
Q

What is the rate limiting step for the release of NA?

A

The making of DOPA out of tyrosine (precursor)

34
Q

What is the ratio of NA/ATP in NA vesicles

A

1:$

35
Q

What receptors does ATP act on?

A

P2 Purgenic receptors

36
Q

What do adrenoreceptors alpha 1 work on?

A

Smooth muscle contraction

37
Q

What do adrenoreceptors alpha 2 work on?

A

Inhibition of transmitter release and smooth muscle contraction

38
Q

What do adrenoreceptors beta work one?

A

heart muscle contraction B1
Smooth muscle relaxation B2
Glycogenolysis B2

39
Q

What are the two major metabolites of NA?

A

VMA

MHPEG

Medsci 204 (6 decks)

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