Autonomic drugs pharm Flashcards
What type of drug is Bethanechol? what is it used for
Cholinomimetic, direct agonist.
use = urinary retention, non obstructive illeus.
“Beth hits your bladder and your bowels”
What type of drug Cabachol? what is it used for
Cholinomimetic, direct agonist.
use = open angle glaucoma.
constricts pupil
what type of drug is Methacholine? what is it used for?
Cholinomimetic, direct agonist.
use = induce bronchoconstriction = asthma test.
what type of drug is Pilocarpine? what is it used for?
Cholinomimetic, direct agonist.
use = open and closed angle glaucoma, sjogrens syndrome(induces salivary secretions)
side effect of cholinomimetic agents?
COPD, asthma, peptic ulcers
what type of drug are Donepezil, rivastigmine and galantamine? what are they used for?
Cholinomimetics. inhibit acetylcholinesterase.
use = Alzheimers
“Dona Riva dances at the gala”
what type of drug is edrophonium? what is it used for?
Cholinomimetics. inhibit acetylcholinesterase.
use = myastenia gravis diagnosis historically
what type of drug is Neostigmine? what is it used for?
Cholinomimetics. inhibit acetylcholinesterase.
use = post operative and neurogenic ileus, myasthenia gravis
what type of drug is Physostigmine? what is it used for?
Cholinomimetics. inhibit acetylcholinesterase.
use = antidote for anticholinergic toxicty, PHYsostigmine Phixes atropine overdose
Phreely crosses blood brain barrier - CNS penetration
what type of drug is Pyridostigmine? what is it used for?
Cholinomimetics. inhibit acetylcholinesterase.
use = Myasthenia gravis
gets RID of MG
over-inhibition of Acetylcholinesterase by organophosphates/anticholinesterases (insecticides) results in what symptoms? how can you fix this?
Muscarinic effects - dairrhea, urination, miosis, bronchospasm, bradycardia, emesis, lacrimation, sweating, salivation = DUMBBELLS. Treatment = atropine
Nicotinic effects - neuromuscular blockade/twitching. Treatment = pralidoxime
what type of drugs are atropine, homatropine, tropicamide? use?
muscarinic antagonists
use = cause Mydriasis
atropine also used to treat bradycardia and for anticholinesterase poisoning
what type of drugs are benztropine, trihexyphenidyl? use?
muscarinic antagonists
use = parkinsons disease
Park my Benz.
what type of drug is glycopyrrolate? what is it used for?
muscarinic antagonist
use = preoperative to reduce airway secretions.
what type of drugs are ipratropium and titotropium? use?
muscarinic antagonists
use = asthma and COPD
i PRAy i can breathe on my own
what type of drugs are oxybutynin, solifenacin and tolterodine? use?
muscarinic antagonist
use = urge urinary incontinence. reduces bladder spasms
what type of drug is scopolamine? use?
muscarinic agonist
motion sickness
adverse effects of atropine?
hot as a hare
fast as a fiddle - HR
dry as a bone
red as a beet
blind as a bat - paralysis of ciliary muscles
mad as a hatter
full as a flask - constipation
M2 cholinergic receptor effect?
decrease in HR and contractility
M3 Cholinergic receptor effect?
increase in gut peristalsis, bladder contraction, bronchoconstriction, miosis
A1 adrenergic receptor effect
vasoconstriction = increase in BP
B1 adrenergic receptor effect
increase heart rate and contractility, increase renin release
B2 adrenergic receptor effects
vasodilation, bronchodilation, increase aqueous humour production, decrease uterine tone
B3 adrenergic receptor effects
increase thermogenesis and increase bladder relaxation
what type of drugs are albuterol, salmeterol and terbutaline? use?
B2 agonsists
Albuterol = acute asthma/copd
salmeterol = serial/long term
What type of drug is dobutamine? what is it used for?
B1 agonist
Heart Failure and cardiogenic shock.
isopretonol use?
evaluation of tachyarrhythmias
equal B1 and B2 activity
what type of drug is norepinephrine? use?
Alpha 1 agonist
Hypotension, shock
what type of drug is phenylephrine? use?
alpha 1 agonist
hypotension, rhinistis decongestant
can dopamine be used to treat unstable bradycardia and HF?
yes
amphetamine is used to treat?
narcolepsy, ADHD, obesity
ephedrine is used as a?
nasal congestant
look at notes in pharm section of textbook for alpha blockers and beta blockers
-
name conditions in which beta blockers are used
angina, glaucoma, HF, HTN, hyperthyroidism, HCM, variceal bleeding, supraventricular tachycardia, mi
Treatment for idiopathic intracranial hypertension? side effects?
Acetazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor = HCO3- secretion in urine, increased urine ph ,metabolic acidosis with compensatory respiratory alkalosis, hypokalemia, hypocalcemia
medications that cause long QT syndrome?
Macrolide antibiotics - erythromycin
fluroquinolone antibiotics - ciprofloxacin
antiarrhythmics - solatol, quinidine
antipsychotics - haloperidol
antiemetics - ondansetron, metoclopramide
which drugs can trigger acute angle glaucoma?
signs of acute angle glaucoma?
those that cause pupillary dilation
- alpha agonists
- anticholinergics
- pain, conjuctival injection, corneal edema (haziness)
