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Pharm 1 Undergrad > Autonomic Drugs Part 1 > Flashcards

Autonomic Drugs Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Important Cholinergic receptors that govern the parasympathetic system?

A

Muscarinic receptors and Nicotinic receptors (Nn, Nm)

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2
Q

Important Adrenergic receptors that govern the sympathetic system?

A

Alpha 1 and 2, Beta 1 and 2

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3
Q

What stimulants cause Sympathetic Stimulation of the heart?

A

Beta 1 Agonists

*Bind Ach –> More frequent action potentials

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4
Q

What stimulants cause Parasympathetic Stimulation of the heart?

A

Muscarinic Agonists

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5
Q

What blocks Sympathetic stimulation of the heart?

A

Beta 1 receptor blockers

–>Cause a decrease in HR and conduction

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6
Q

What blocks Parasympathetic stimulation of the heart?

A

Muscarinic receptor blockers

–>Causes increase in HR and conduction

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7
Q

What stimulants cause Sympathetic Stimulation of the blood vessels?

A

-Alpha 1 agonists cause vasoconstriction of the blood vessels

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8
Q

What stimulants cause Parasympathetic Stimulation of the blood vessels?

A

Muscarinic Agonists cause vasodilation of the blood vessels

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9
Q

What blocks Sympathetic stimulation of the blood vessels?

A
  • Alpha 1 agonist blockers

- ->Causes vasodilation

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10
Q

What blocks parasympathetic stimulation of the blood vessels?

A

-Muscarinic receptor blockers have little to no effect on blood vessels as the dominant tone is Sympathetic.

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11
Q

What agonist, as well as the receptor it binds, do skeletal muscle, pulmonary tissue, abdominal viscera, renal and coronary arteries have that causes vasodilation?

A

Beta 2 receptors which bind Epinephrine

–>NE does not have a significant impact on B2 receptors.

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12
Q

What is the dominant tone of the Kidney?

A

Sympathetic

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13
Q

What stimulants cause Sympathetic Stimulation of the kidney?

A
  • Beta 1 agonists

- ->Will increase the secretion of renin, increasing aldosterone and increasing BP

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14
Q

What stimulants cause Parasympathetic Stimulation of the kidney?

A

–>There is NO cholinergic (direct parasympathetic) regulation of the kidney.

-Note: Alpha 1 receptors cause a decrease in renin secretion and BP (B1 receptors have predominant effect)

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15
Q

What blocks Sympathetic stimulation of the kidney?

A
  • Beta 1 receptor blockers

- ->Decrease the rate of renin secretion and lowers BP

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16
Q

What is the dominant tone of the Urinary Bladder?

A

-Parasympathetic

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17
Q

What stimulants cause Parasympathetic Stimulation of the Urinary Bladder?

A

-Muscarinic receptors which contract the detrusor muscle, relaxing the sphincter and allowing the bladder to empty.

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18
Q

What stimulants cause Sympathetic Stimulation of the Urinary Bladder?

A

-Beta 2 agonists will cause relaxation of the detrusor muscle, and Alpha 1 agonists cause contraction of the sphincter- preventing the emptying of the bladder.

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19
Q

What blocks Sympathetic Stimulation of the Urinary Bladder?

A

-Alpha 1 blockers cause contraction of the detrusor muscle, relaxation of the sphincter and bladder emptying.

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20
Q

What blocks Parasympathetic Stimulation of the Urinary Bladder?

A

–>Muscarinic receptor blockers will decrease parasympathetic activity of the urinary bladder by relaxing the detrusor muscle, contracting the sphincter, preventing bladder emptying.

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21
Q

What stimulants cause Parasympathetic Stimulation of Tracheal/ Bronchial Smooth Muscle?

A

-Muscarinic Agonists increases parasympathetic activity of smooth muscle (Contraction and increased secretions)

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22
Q

What stimulants cause Sympathetic Stimulation of Tracheal/ Bronchial Smooth Muscle?

A

-Beta2 Agonists will relax the tracheal/ bronchial smooth muscle and reduce secretions.

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23
Q

What blocks Parasympathetic Stimulation of the Tracheal/ Bronchial Smooth Muscle?

A

Muscarinic receptor blocks decreases parasympathetic activity (indirectly leads to decreased secretions)

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24
Q

What blocks Sympathetic Stimulation of the Tracheal/ Bronchial Smooth Muscle?

A

–>Non-selective beta blockers, as well as Beta 2 blockers will reduce sympathetic stimulation of tracheal/ bronchial smooth muscle (leading to increased secretions)

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25
Q

What is the dominant tone of the GI tract?

A

-Parasympathetic

26
Q

What stimulants cause Parasympathetic Stimulation of the GI tract smooth muscle?

A

-Muscarinic Agonists cause the increase of contractions, relaxes sphincters, increases peristalsis and increases GI secretions.

27
Q

What stimulants cause Sympathetic Stimulation of the GI tract smooth muscle?

A

-Beta OR Alpha Agonists will cause the relaxation of the GI tract, contraction of sphincters (initiated by Alpha 1), decreases in peristalsis and a decrease in GI secretions (initiated by Alpha 2).

28
Q

What blocks Sympathetic Stimulation of the GI tract smooth muscle?

A

-Adrenergic receptors have little effect on the GI tract smooth muscle as the dominant tone is Parasympathetic.

29
Q

What blocks Parasympathetic Stimulation of the GI tract smooth muscle?

A

-Muscarinic receptor blockers lead to an decrease in GI secretions and peristalsis (indirectly sympathetic)

30
Q

What stimulants cause Parasympathetic Stimulation of the Salivary/ Parotid Glands?

A

-Muscarinic Agonists cause an increase in salivary/ parotid gland secretions

31
Q

What is the dominant tone of the Salivary/ Parotid glands?

A

Parasympathetic

32
Q

What stimulants cause Sympathetic Stimulation of the Salivary/ Parotid Glands?

A

-Alpha 1 Agonists cause a decrease in the salivary/ parotid gland secretions

33
Q

What blocks Parasympathetic Stimulation of the Salivary/ Parotid Glands?

A

-Muscarinic receptor blockers will cause a decrease in salivary/ parotid gland secretions

34
Q

What is the medical term for Dry Mouth?

A

Xerostomia

35
Q

What is the dominant tone of the Liver?

A

Sympathetic

36
Q

What blocks Sympathetic activity of the liver?

A

-Beta 2 blockers/ Non selective Beta blockers – decrease gluconeogenesis and glycolysis activity

37
Q

What stimulants cause Sympathetic Stimulation of the Liver?

A

-Beta 2 Agonists leads to an increase in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis (raising blood glucose level)

38
Q

What would happen if a person with Type 1 diabetes takes a Beta 2 blocker drug?

A

-The beta 2 blocker will inhibit sympathetic activity of the liver, and the blood glucose level will be unable to rise (hypoglycemia can’t be fixed and could lead to death)

39
Q

What is the dominant tone of the uterus?

A

Sympathetic

40
Q

What stimulants cause Sympathetic Stimulation of the Uterus?

A

-Beta 2 receptor Agonists will cause relaxation of the uterine smooth muscles

41
Q

What is the dominant tone of the Eyes?

A

Parasympathetic

42
Q

What stimulants cause Sympathetic Stimulation of the Eyes?

A

-Alpha 1 Agonists cause mydriasis (pupil dilation)

43
Q

What stimulants cause Parasympathetic Stimulation of the Eyes?

A

-Muscarinic Agonists cause contraction of the circular muscles and lead to miosis (Narrowing of the pupil)

44
Q

What blocks Sympathetic activity of the Eyes?

A

-Adrenergic receptor blockers do not have an effect on the eyes

45
Q

What blocks Parasympathetic activity of the Eyes?

A

-Muscarinic receptor blockers cause mydriasis (pupil dilation)

46
Q

Does the sympathetic nervous system enable far vision or close up vision?

A

-Far away (Distant objects)

47
Q

Does the parasympathetic nervous system enable far vision or close up vision?

A

-Near vision

48
Q

What is Glaucoma and what are it’s causes?

A

-Blurriness in vision due to improper and inadequate draining of the aqueous humour.
(Causes an increase in intraocular pressure)

49
Q

Muscarinic Agonists binds M3 and M2 receptors on the lacrimal glands to produce?

A

Lacrimation (Tears)

50
Q

Basic Property of Aqueous Humour Drainage for Parasympathetic Stimulation:

A

Binding Muscarinic Agonists to M3 and M2 receptors causes the contraction of the longitudinal fibres, opening the trabecular meshwork and drainage of the aqueous humour - reducing intraocular pressure.

51
Q

Sympathetic Stimulation effect on Eyes/ Aqueous Humour

A
  • Beta 1 agonists increase aqueous humour production.
  • Beta 2 antagonists reduce blood flow/ aqueous humour secretions
  • Alpha 2 agonists reduce aqueous humour production
52
Q

What system and type of receptor bind skeletal muscle to initiate contraction?

A
  • ->Parasympathetic control

- -Ach binds Nicotinic Receptors

53
Q

What are the 2 main types of Neuromuscular Junction Blockers?

A
  1. Succinylcholine (depolarizing blocker)

2. d-tubocurarine (competitive blocker)

54
Q

Does the Brain have cholinergic or adrenergic receptors?

A

-Has both

55
Q

Which muscarinic receptors in the brain play a key role with memory in the striatum?

A
  • ->M1 and M4

* Interacts with dopamine to control muscle contractions

56
Q

What is the key role of the M1 receptors in the hippocampus?

A

–>Important in memory formation

57
Q

What type of drug is used to treat Alzheimer’s disease?

A

Alzheimer’s= Lack of Dopamine (loss of cholinergic function)

  • ->Treated with (indirect cholinergic agents)
  • ChE inhibitors (keeps Ach in synapse longer)
58
Q

What type of drug is used to treat Parkinson’s disease?

A

Parkinson’s= unbalanced, excess cholinergic function

–>Treated with a drug which would inhibit/ block cholinergic function (Muscarinic antagonists)

59
Q

What is the dominant tone of the heart?

A

Parasympathetic

60
Q

What is the dominant tone of the blood vessels?

A

Sympathetic

Pharm 1 Undergrad (9 decks)

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