Autonomic Drugs Part 1 Flashcards
Important Cholinergic receptors that govern the parasympathetic system?
Muscarinic receptors and Nicotinic receptors (Nn, Nm)
Important Adrenergic receptors that govern the sympathetic system?
Alpha 1 and 2, Beta 1 and 2
What stimulants cause Sympathetic Stimulation of the heart?
Beta 1 Agonists
*Bind Ach –> More frequent action potentials
What stimulants cause Parasympathetic Stimulation of the heart?
Muscarinic Agonists
What blocks Sympathetic stimulation of the heart?
Beta 1 receptor blockers
–>Cause a decrease in HR and conduction
What blocks Parasympathetic stimulation of the heart?
Muscarinic receptor blockers
–>Causes increase in HR and conduction
What stimulants cause Sympathetic Stimulation of the blood vessels?
-Alpha 1 agonists cause vasoconstriction of the blood vessels
What stimulants cause Parasympathetic Stimulation of the blood vessels?
Muscarinic Agonists cause vasodilation of the blood vessels
What blocks Sympathetic stimulation of the blood vessels?
- Alpha 1 agonist blockers
- ->Causes vasodilation
What blocks parasympathetic stimulation of the blood vessels?
-Muscarinic receptor blockers have little to no effect on blood vessels as the dominant tone is Sympathetic.
What agonist, as well as the receptor it binds, do skeletal muscle, pulmonary tissue, abdominal viscera, renal and coronary arteries have that causes vasodilation?
Beta 2 receptors which bind Epinephrine
–>NE does not have a significant impact on B2 receptors.
What is the dominant tone of the Kidney?
Sympathetic
What stimulants cause Sympathetic Stimulation of the kidney?
- Beta 1 agonists
- ->Will increase the secretion of renin, increasing aldosterone and increasing BP
What stimulants cause Parasympathetic Stimulation of the kidney?
–>There is NO cholinergic (direct parasympathetic) regulation of the kidney.
-Note: Alpha 1 receptors cause a decrease in renin secretion and BP (B1 receptors have predominant effect)
What blocks Sympathetic stimulation of the kidney?
- Beta 1 receptor blockers
- ->Decrease the rate of renin secretion and lowers BP
What is the dominant tone of the Urinary Bladder?
-Parasympathetic
What stimulants cause Parasympathetic Stimulation of the Urinary Bladder?
-Muscarinic receptors which contract the detrusor muscle, relaxing the sphincter and allowing the bladder to empty.
What stimulants cause Sympathetic Stimulation of the Urinary Bladder?
-Beta 2 agonists will cause relaxation of the detrusor muscle, and Alpha 1 agonists cause contraction of the sphincter- preventing the emptying of the bladder.
What blocks Sympathetic Stimulation of the Urinary Bladder?
-Alpha 1 blockers cause contraction of the detrusor muscle, relaxation of the sphincter and bladder emptying.
What blocks Parasympathetic Stimulation of the Urinary Bladder?
–>Muscarinic receptor blockers will decrease parasympathetic activity of the urinary bladder by relaxing the detrusor muscle, contracting the sphincter, preventing bladder emptying.
What stimulants cause Parasympathetic Stimulation of Tracheal/ Bronchial Smooth Muscle?
-Muscarinic Agonists increases parasympathetic activity of smooth muscle (Contraction and increased secretions)
What stimulants cause Sympathetic Stimulation of Tracheal/ Bronchial Smooth Muscle?
-Beta2 Agonists will relax the tracheal/ bronchial smooth muscle and reduce secretions.
What blocks Parasympathetic Stimulation of the Tracheal/ Bronchial Smooth Muscle?
Muscarinic receptor blocks decreases parasympathetic activity (indirectly leads to decreased secretions)
What blocks Sympathetic Stimulation of the Tracheal/ Bronchial Smooth Muscle?
–>Non-selective beta blockers, as well as Beta 2 blockers will reduce sympathetic stimulation of tracheal/ bronchial smooth muscle (leading to increased secretions)
What is the dominant tone of the GI tract?
-Parasympathetic
What stimulants cause Parasympathetic Stimulation of the GI tract smooth muscle?
-Muscarinic Agonists cause the increase of contractions, relaxes sphincters, increases peristalsis and increases GI secretions.
What stimulants cause Sympathetic Stimulation of the GI tract smooth muscle?
-Beta OR Alpha Agonists will cause the relaxation of the GI tract, contraction of sphincters (initiated by Alpha 1), decreases in peristalsis and a decrease in GI secretions (initiated by Alpha 2).
What blocks Sympathetic Stimulation of the GI tract smooth muscle?
-Adrenergic receptors have little effect on the GI tract smooth muscle as the dominant tone is Parasympathetic.
What blocks Parasympathetic Stimulation of the GI tract smooth muscle?
-Muscarinic receptor blockers lead to an decrease in GI secretions and peristalsis (indirectly sympathetic)
What stimulants cause Parasympathetic Stimulation of the Salivary/ Parotid Glands?
-Muscarinic Agonists cause an increase in salivary/ parotid gland secretions
What is the dominant tone of the Salivary/ Parotid glands?
Parasympathetic
What stimulants cause Sympathetic Stimulation of the Salivary/ Parotid Glands?
-Alpha 1 Agonists cause a decrease in the salivary/ parotid gland secretions
What blocks Parasympathetic Stimulation of the Salivary/ Parotid Glands?
-Muscarinic receptor blockers will cause a decrease in salivary/ parotid gland secretions
What is the medical term for Dry Mouth?
Xerostomia
What is the dominant tone of the Liver?
Sympathetic
What blocks Sympathetic activity of the liver?
-Beta 2 blockers/ Non selective Beta blockers – decrease gluconeogenesis and glycolysis activity
What stimulants cause Sympathetic Stimulation of the Liver?
-Beta 2 Agonists leads to an increase in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis (raising blood glucose level)
What would happen if a person with Type 1 diabetes takes a Beta 2 blocker drug?
-The beta 2 blocker will inhibit sympathetic activity of the liver, and the blood glucose level will be unable to rise (hypoglycemia can’t be fixed and could lead to death)
What is the dominant tone of the uterus?
Sympathetic
What stimulants cause Sympathetic Stimulation of the Uterus?
-Beta 2 receptor Agonists will cause relaxation of the uterine smooth muscles
What is the dominant tone of the Eyes?
Parasympathetic
What stimulants cause Sympathetic Stimulation of the Eyes?
-Alpha 1 Agonists cause mydriasis (pupil dilation)
What stimulants cause Parasympathetic Stimulation of the Eyes?
-Muscarinic Agonists cause contraction of the circular muscles and lead to miosis (Narrowing of the pupil)
What blocks Sympathetic activity of the Eyes?
-Adrenergic receptor blockers do not have an effect on the eyes
What blocks Parasympathetic activity of the Eyes?
-Muscarinic receptor blockers cause mydriasis (pupil dilation)
Does the sympathetic nervous system enable far vision or close up vision?
-Far away (Distant objects)
Does the parasympathetic nervous system enable far vision or close up vision?
-Near vision
What is Glaucoma and what are it’s causes?
-Blurriness in vision due to improper and inadequate draining of the aqueous humour.
(Causes an increase in intraocular pressure)
Muscarinic Agonists binds M3 and M2 receptors on the lacrimal glands to produce?
Lacrimation (Tears)
Basic Property of Aqueous Humour Drainage for Parasympathetic Stimulation:
Binding Muscarinic Agonists to M3 and M2 receptors causes the contraction of the longitudinal fibres, opening the trabecular meshwork and drainage of the aqueous humour - reducing intraocular pressure.
Sympathetic Stimulation effect on Eyes/ Aqueous Humour
- Beta 1 agonists increase aqueous humour production.
- Beta 2 antagonists reduce blood flow/ aqueous humour secretions
- Alpha 2 agonists reduce aqueous humour production
What system and type of receptor bind skeletal muscle to initiate contraction?
- ->Parasympathetic control
- -Ach binds Nicotinic Receptors
What are the 2 main types of Neuromuscular Junction Blockers?
- Succinylcholine (depolarizing blocker)
2. d-tubocurarine (competitive blocker)
Does the Brain have cholinergic or adrenergic receptors?
-Has both
Which muscarinic receptors in the brain play a key role with memory in the striatum?
- ->M1 and M4
* Interacts with dopamine to control muscle contractions
What is the key role of the M1 receptors in the hippocampus?
–>Important in memory formation
What type of drug is used to treat Alzheimer’s disease?
Alzheimer’s= Lack of Dopamine (loss of cholinergic function)
- ->Treated with (indirect cholinergic agents)
- ChE inhibitors (keeps Ach in synapse longer)
What type of drug is used to treat Parkinson’s disease?
Parkinson’s= unbalanced, excess cholinergic function
–>Treated with a drug which would inhibit/ block cholinergic function (Muscarinic antagonists)
What is the dominant tone of the heart?
Parasympathetic
What is the dominant tone of the blood vessels?
Sympathetic
