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COMLEX PHARM > Autonomic drugs (FA pg 249 - 256) > Flashcards

Autonomic drugs (FA pg 249 - 256) Flashcards

1
Q

bethanoechol

A
  • cholinomimetic (direct agonist)
  • for postoperative ileus, neurogenic ileus, urinary retention
  • activates bowel and bladder smooth muscle
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2
Q

carbachol

A
  • cholinomimetic
  • constricts pupil, relieves intraocular pressure in glaucoma
  • “carbon copy of acetylcholine”
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3
Q

methacholine

A
  • cholinomimetic
  • challenge test for asthma dx
  • stimulates muscarinic receptors in airway
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4
Q

pilocarpine

A
  • cholinomimetic
  • potent stimulator of sweat, tears, saliva. open-agle and closed-angle glaucoma
  • contracts ciliary muscle of eye, pupillary sphincer
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5
Q

donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine

A
  • anticholinesterase
  • alzheimers
  • increase ACh
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6
Q

edrophonium

A
  • anticholinesterase
  • historically, dx MG (short acting)
  • increases ACh
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7
Q

neostigmine

A
  • anticholinesterase
  • postoperative and neurogenic ileus, urinary retention, MG, reversal of NM junction blockade
  • increase ACh
  • no CNS penetration
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8
Q

physostigmine

A
  • anticholinesterase
  • anticholinergic toxicity (atropine overdose)
  • increase ACh
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9
Q

pyridostgmine

A
  • anticholinesterase
  • MG (long acting)
  • increase ACh
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10
Q

atropine

A
  • muscarinic antagonist
  • heart: bradycardia
  • eye: mydriasis, cycloplegia
  • airway: decrease secretions
  • stomach: decrease acid secretion
  • gut: decrease motility
  • bladder: increase urgency in cystitis
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11
Q

benztropine

A
  • muscarinc antagonist
  • parkinson
  • “park my benz”
  • also treats acute dystonia
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12
Q

glycopyrrolate

A
  • muscarinic antagonist
  • reduce airway secretions
  • treats drooling, peptic ulcer
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13
Q

hyoscyamine, dicyclomine

A
  • muscarinic antagonist

- antispasmotic for IBS

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14
Q

ipratropium, tiotropium

A
  • muscarinic antagonist

- COPD, asthma

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15
Q

oxybutynin, solfenacin, tolterodine

A
  • muscarinic antagonist

- reduce bladder spasms, urge urinary incontinence

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16
Q

scopolamine

A
  • muscarinic antagonist

- motion sickness

17
Q

albuterol, salmeterol

A
  • direct sympathomimetic
  • B2 > B1
  • albuterol: acute asthma
  • salmeterol: long term asthma, COPD
18
Q

dobutamine

A

-direct sympathomimetic
B1 > B2, a
-HF (inotropic > chronotropic)
-cardiac stress test

19
Q

dopamine

A
  • direct sympathomimetic
  • D1 = D2 > B > a
  • unstable bradycard
  • HF, shock,
  • inoptropic and chrono a effecs predominate at high doses
20
Q

epinephrine

A
  • direct sympathomimetic
  • B > a
  • anaphylaxis, asthma, open-angle glaucoma
  • a effects predominate at high doses
  • much stronger B2 effect than norepi
21
Q

isoproterenol

A
  • direct sympathomimetic
  • B1 = B2
  • electrophysiological eval of tachyarrhythmias
  • can worsen ischemia
22
Q

norepi

A
  • direct sympathomimetic
  • a1 > a2 > B1
  • hypotension (but decreases renal perfusion)
  • significantly weaker effect at B2 than epi
23
Q

phenylephrine

A
  • direct sympathomimetic
  • a1 > a2
  • hypotension (vasoconstrictor), ocular procedures (mydriatic), rhinitis (decongestant)
24
Q

amphetamine

A
  • indirect sympathomimetic
  • indirect agonist, reuptake inhibitor, also releases stored catecholamines
  • narcolepsy, obesity, ADHD
25
Q

cocaine

A
  • indirect sympathomimetic
  • indirect agonist, reuptake inhibitor
  • local vasoconstriction and anesthesia
  • ! Never give B-blockers if cocaine intox is suspected –> can lead to unopposed a1 activation –> extreme HYPERtension!
26
Q

ephedrine

A
  • indirect sympathomimetic
  • indirect agonist, releases stored catecholamines
  • nasal decongestion, urinary incontinence, hypotension
27
Q

clonidine

A
  • a2 agonist
  • for hypertensive urgency (does not decrease renal blood flow), ADHD, Tourette
  • tox: cns depression, hypotension ,respiratory depression, miosis
28
Q

a-methyldopa

A
  • a2 agonist
  • for hypertension in pregnancy
  • toxicity: direct Coombs +, hemolysis, SLE-like syndrome
29
Q

phenoxybenzamine

A
  • non-selective a-blocker (irreversible)
  • for pheochromocytoma (preoperatively) to prevent catecholamine (HTN) crisis
  • tox: orthostatic hypotension, reflex tachycardia
30
Q

phentolamine

A
  • non-selective a-blocker (reversible)
  • given to patients on MAO-I who eat tyramine-containing food
  • tox: orthostatic hypotension, reflex tachycardia
31
Q

prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin, tamsulosin

A
  • a-1 selective blocker
  • for BPH
  • tox: orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, HA
32
Q

mirtazapine

A
  • a-2 selective blocker
  • for depression
  • tox: sedation, increase serum cholesterol, inc. appetite
33
Q

B-blocker selectivity rules

A

B-1 selective: start with A - M

nonselective: nadolol, pindolol (partial agonist), propranolol, timolol: start with N - Z

COMLEX PHARM (1 decks)

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