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Pharmacology > Autonomic Drugs > Flashcards

Autonomic Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Epinephrine

A

Adrenergic Agonist
MOA: Acts directly on both alpha and beta receptors
Indication: Asthma, allergic reactions, relaxes airways and reduces swelling

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2
Q

Pseudoephedrine

A

Adrenergic Agonist
MOA: Causes release of noradrenaline
Indication: Decongestant for colds and rhinitis

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3
Q

Phenylephrine

A

Adrenergic Agonist
MOA: Selective alpha1 agonist
Indication: Decongestant for colds and rhinitis

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4
Q

Amphetamines

A

Adrenergic Agonist
MOA: Causes accumulation of noradrenaline at synapse
Indication: Not clinically used except for treatment of narcolepsy and attention deficiency hyperkinesis

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5
Q

Ephedrine

A

Adrenergic Agonist
MOA: Acts indirectly on both alpha and beta receptors, release of endogenous catecholamines
Indication: Vasopressor

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6
Q

Terbutaline

A

Adrenergic Agonist
MOA: Selective beta2 agonist
Indication: Bronchodilator in asthma and tocolytic agent in premature labour

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7
Q

Clonidine

A

Adrenergic Agonist
MOA: Selective alpha2 agonist
Indication: Treatment of hypertension

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8
Q

Dopexamine

A

Adrenergic Agonist
MOA: Dopamine alpha2 agonist with beta2 agonist activity
Indication: Used for hemodynamic support for patients with low cardiac output as in heart failure

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9
Q

Reserpine

A

Adrenergic Antagonist
MOA: Blocks the synthesis and storage of norepinephrine
Indication: Used in the management of some types of hypertension. Sedation is a side effect

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10
Q

Phenoxybenzamine

A

Adrenergic Antagonist
MOA: Noncompetitively blocks alpha receptors
Indication: Used in the management of malignant hypertension secondary to pheochromocytoma

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11
Q

Phentolamine

A

Adrenergic Antagonist
MOA: Competitively blocks alpha receptors
Indication: Used in the management of malignant hypertension during operations for pheochromocytoma

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12
Q

Prazosin

A

Adrenergic Antagonist
MOA: Selectively blocks alpha1 receptors
Indication: Used in the management of some types of hypertension. No reflex tachycardia and postura hypotension

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13
Q

Propanolol

A

Adrenergic Antagonist
MOA: Nonselectively blocks beta receptors
Indication: Used in hypertension, angina, migraine, headaches and mitral valve prolapse

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14
Q

Metoprolol

A

Adrenergic Antagonist
MOA: Selectively blocks beta1 receptors
Indication: Predominant effects are cardiac

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15
Q

Metoclopramide

A

Adrenergic Antagonist
MOA: Selectively blocks dopamine2 receptors
Indication: Used as a powerful antiemetic; acts by increasing lower esophageal sphincter pressure and increasing the rate of gastric emptying

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16
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Cholinergic Agonist
MOA: Acts directly on muscarinic receptors
Indication: Used as eyedrops in opthalmology to constrict the iris of the eyes

17
Q

Pilocarpine

A

Cholinergic Agonist
MOA: Acts directly on muscarinic receptors
Indication: Used as eye drops in the opthalmology to constrict the iris of the eyes. Used in the treatment of acute angle closure glaucoma

18
Q

Betanechol

A

Cholinergic Agonist
MOA: Acts directly on muscarinic receptors
Indication: Used for the treatment of GI and bladder atony

19
Q

Succinylcholine

A

Cholinergic Agonist
MOA: Acts directly on nicotinic NMJ receptors. Causes continuous stimulation of nicotinic NMJ receptors. Fasiculations followed by paralysis is a hallmark
Indication: Depolarizing NMJ blocker

20
Q

Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors

A

Acts indirectly on nicotinic receptors. Causes inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, thereby increasing acetylcholine that stimulates nicotinic NMJ receptors

21
Q

Endrophonium

A

Cholinergic Agonist
ACE Inhibitor - Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
MOA: Short-acting reversible
Indication: Used as a diagnostic aid in myasthenia gravis

22
Q

Neostigmine

A

Cholinergic Agonist
ACE Inhibitor - Carbamates
MOA: Moderately reversible
Indication: Used to reverse nondepolarizing NMJ blockers

23
Q

Physostigmine

A

Cholinergic Agonist
ACE Inhibitor - Carbamates
MOA: Moderately reversible
Indication: Used to reverse nondepolarizing NMJ blockers

24
Q

Organophosphates

A

Cholinergic Agonist
MOA: Irreversible
Indication: Used as insecticides. Poisoning with organophosphates is treated with anticholinergic drugs

25
Q

Tertiary Cholinergic Antagonists

A

Tertiary compounds are lipid soluble and can easily penetrate the brain

26
Q

Atropine

A

Cholinergic Antagonist
Tertiary - Naturally-occuring alkaloids
MOA: Acts directly as competitive antagonist at muscarinic receptors
Indication: Used as an anticholinergic agent to reduce salivation, increase heart rate, decrease gastric motility, cause mild bronchodilation, and treatment of organophosphate poisoning

27
Q

Scopolamine

A

Cholinergic Antagonist
Tertiary - Naturally-occuring alkaloids
MOA: Acts directly as competitive antagonist at muscarinic receptors
Indication: Used as an anticholinergic agent to reduce salivation, increase heart rate, decrease gastric motility, cause mild bronchodilation, and treatment of organophosphate poisoning

Same as atropine, but with a more central effect and may cause sedation

28
Q

Dicyclomine

A

Cholinergic Antagonist
Synthetic Ester
MOA: Acts directly as competitive antagonist at muscarinic receptors
Indication: Used as an anticholinergic agent to reduce salivation, increase heart rate, decrease gastric motility, cause mild bronchodilation, and treatment of organophosphate poisoning

Same as atropine

29
Q

Quaternary Cholinergic Agonists

A

Quaternary compounds are water-soluble and do not penetrate the CNS well

30
Q

Ipratropium

A

Cholinergic Antagonist
Quaternary
MOA: Acts directly as competitive antagonist at muscarinic receptors
Indication: Used as mild bronchodilatior in asthma therapy

31
Q

Propantheline

A

Cholinergic Antagonist
Quaternary
MOA: Acts directly as competitive antagonist at muscarinic receptors
Indication: Used as an antispasmodic by decreasing gastric motility

32
Q

Glycopyrrolate

A

Cholinergic Antagonist
Quaternary
MOA: Acts directly as competitive antagonist at muscarinic receptors
Indication: Used preoperative medication to reduce salivation and maintain heart rate during surgery

33
Q

Gallamine

A

Cholinergic Antagonist
Nondepolarizing NMJ Blockers
MOA: Competitively inhibits acetylcholine at nicotinic NMJ receptor sites
Indication: Causes nondepolarizing block of the NMJ. Block can be reversed by increasing the amount of acetlycholine at the NMJ

34
Q

Pancuronium

A

Cholinergic Antagonist
Nondepolarizing NMJ Blockers
MOA: Competitively inhibits acetylcholine at nicotinic NMJ receptor sites
Indication: Causes nondepolarizing block of the NMJ. Block can be reversed by increasing the amount of acetlycholine at the NMJ

35
Q

Atracurium

A

Cholinergic Antagonist
Nondepolarizing NMJ Blockers
MOA: Competitively inhibits acetylcholine at nicotinic NMJ receptor sites
Indication: Causes nondepolarizing block of the NMJ. Block can be reversed by increasing the amount of acetlycholine at the NMJ

36
Q

Vecuronium

A

Cholinergic Antagonist
Nondepolarizing NMJ Blockers
MOA: Competitively inhibits acetylcholine at nicotinic NMJ receptor sites
Indication: Causes nondepolarizing block of the NMJ. Block can be reversed by increasing the amount of acetlycholine at the NMJ

37
Q

Rocuronium

A

Cholinergic Antagonist
Nondepolarizing NMJ Blockers
MOA: Competitively inhibits acetylcholine at nicotinic NMJ receptor sites
Indication: Causes nondepolarizing block of the NMJ. Block can be reversed by increasing the amount of acetlycholine at the NMJ

Pharmacology (2 decks)

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