Autonomic Drugs

Question 0

Pilocarpine

Answer 0

Muscarinic agonist

Question 1

Phenylephrine

Answer 1

Alpha agonist

Question 2

Prazosin

Answer 2

Alpha antagonist/blocker

Question 3

Scopolamine

Answer 3

Muscarinic antagonist/blocker. In CNS, more sedation

Question 4

Norepinephrine

Answer 4

Direct on alpha1 and alpha2, less on beta1

Question 5

Epinephrine

Answer 5

Direct on a1, a2, b1, b2

Question 6

Isoprotenerol

Answer 6

Direct on β1, β2

Question 7

Dopamine

Answer 7

Direct on α1, β1, β2, and DA receptors (renal vessels)

Question 8

Dobutamine

Answer 8

Direct β1

Question 9

Naphazoline

Answer 9

Direct on α1

Question 10

“-ol” eg: metaprotenerol, albuterol, salbutamol, salmeterol, formeterol, isoprotenerol

Answer 10

β2 agonist

Question 11

Oxymetazoline

Answer 11

α1 agonist

Question 12

Ritodrine

Answer 12

β2 >β1 agonist

Question 13

Terbutaline

Answer 13

β agonist β2>β1

Question 14

Ephedrine

Answer 14

Pseudo ephedrine, increase NE release

Question 15

Acetylcholine

Answer 15

Muscarinic agonist. + charge, erratic absorption for GI tract, does not cross BBB

Question 16

“-chol”

Answer 16

Muscarinic agonist, direct. + charge, erratic absorption for GI tract, does not cross BBB

Question 17

Pilocarpine

Answer 17

Muscarinic agonist but doesn’t have “-chol”. + charge, erratic absorption for GI tract, does not cross BBB

Question 18

Edrophonium

Answer 18

Muscarinic agonist, short acting. + charge, erratic absorption for GI tract, does not cross BBB

Question 19

“-stigmine” eg: physostigmine, neostigmine, pyridostigmine

Answer 19

Anticholinesterases, reversible, increases ACh in synapse

Question 20

Organophosphates

Answer 20

Anticholinesterase, irreversible, increases ACh in synapse. Well absorbed from skin

Question 21

Nerve gases

Answer 21

Anticholinesterase, irreversible. Increase ACh in synapse

Question 22

Nicotine

Answer 22

Low doses: Stimulate autonomic ganglia, nicotinic receptors (Nn, Nm)
High doses: blocks autonomic ganglia

Question 23

Trimethaphan

Answer 23

Nicotinic antagonist (Nn, Nm)

Question 24

"-osin" eg: prazosin, tamsulosin, doxazosin

Answer 24

α1 antagonist

Question 25

Phentolamine

Answer 25

Blocks α1, α2, competitive, short acting

Question 26

Phenoxybenzamine

Answer 26

Blocks α1, α2, reacts chemically, irreversible, long-acting

Question 27

"-olol" eg: propranolol, timolol, nadolol

Answer 27

Blocker β1, β2

Question 28

"-olol" eg: metoprolol, atenolol, acebutolol

Answer 28

Block β1. Cardio selective, affect β2 only at high doses

Question 29

Labetalol

Answer 29

Blocks α & β receptors

Question 30

"-olol" eg: pindolol, carteolol

Answer 30

Partial agonist, beta blocker with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. Blocks or stimulates depending on activity of heart

Question 31

Atropine

Answer 31

Muscarinic antagonist. Naturally occurring. In CNS, more excitation

Question 32

Ipratropium

Answer 32

Muscarinic blocker, + charge, does not cross BBB

Question 33

Propantheline

Answer 33

Muscarinic blocker, + charge, does not cross BBB

Question 34

Tropicamide

Answer 34

Muscarinic blocker

Question 35

D-tubocurarine

Answer 35

Nm blocker, competitive. Reversible by increasing ACh levels with acetylcholinesterase. Hydrophilic, medium half life (20 min)

Question 36

"-ium" eg: mivacuronium, pancuronium, vecuronium, atracurium

Answer 36

Nm blocker, Competitive, nondepolarizing. Medium half life (20-60 min)

Question 37

Succinylcholine

Answer 37

Nm antagonist, depolarizing, desensitizing. 1. Mimics actions of Ach 2. Keeps post synaptic membrane depolarized 3. Desensitizes receptor. Short half life (5 min)

Question 38

Botulinus toxin

Answer 38

Nm antagonist, irreversible. Blocks intercellular secretion of Ach. Long half life (2-3 months)

Question 39

Muscarinic receptors

Answer 39

G-coupled protein receptor. Found in parasympathetic system. Responds to Ach.

Question 40

Nicotinic receptors

Answer 40

Ion channel receptor. Responds to Ach. Found at neuromuscular junctions (Nm) and postganglionic receptors (Nn, both sympathetic and parasympathetic)

Question 41

Adrenergic receptors

Answer 41

G-coupled protein receptors. α and β receptors found in sympathetic system. Responds to epinephrine, norepinephrine

Question 42

Exceptions to the rules?

Answer 42

Sweat glands controlled by sympathetics, but do not use Epi/NE, use Ach. Chromaffin cells have nicotinic receptors, responds to Ach.

Question 43

"-tropi-" eg: atropine, tropilamide, ipratropium

Answer 43

Muscarinic antagonist