Automomic Nervous Sytem

Question 1

What are the 2 subsystems of the ANS

Answer 1

Sympathetic or parasympathetic

Question 2

What is the role of the sympathetic NS

Answer 2

Fight or flight

Question 3

Where do the nerves in the sympathetic NS originate from

Answer 3

Lumbar and thoracic spinal cord

Question 4

Where does the parasympathetic NS originate from

Answer 4

Medulla region and sacred outflow

Question 5

What parasympathetic nerve regulates the heart

Answer 5

Vagus nerve

Question 6

What is the role of the parasympathetic NS

Answer 6

Rest and digest

Question 7

Which nervous system have the longer post ganglion neurone

Answer 7

Sympathetic NS

Question 8

Where are the ganglia in the parasympathetic NS located

Answer 8

Innervated tissue

Question 9

Where are the sympathetic ganglia found

Answer 9

Paravertebral chain

Question 10

What type of synapses are the pre-ganglionic neurones

Answer 10

Cholinergic

Question 11

What neurotransmitter is used in cholinergic synapse

Answer 11

Acetyl choline

Question 12

What receptors are found when activating the post ganglionic neurones

Answer 12

Nicotinic acetyl choline receptors

Question 13

What type of receptor are nicotinic acetyl choline receptors

Answer 13

Ligand Gated Ion Channels

Question 14

What type of synapse is found at parasympathetic post ganglionic neurones

Answer 14

Cholinergic

Question 15

What receptor is found in the effect tissue for parasympathetic response

Answer 15

Muscarinic acetyl choline receptors

Question 16

What type of protein are muscarinic ACh receptors

Answer 16

GPCRs

Question 17

What type of synapse Do sympathetic post ganglion neurones have

Answer 17

Noradrenergic

Question 18

What neurotransmitters are used in noradrenegic synapses

Answer 18

Noradrenaline and adrenaline

Question 19

What type of receptors does noradrenaline interact with

Answer 19

Alpha and beta adrenoreceptors

Question 20

What type of protein are adrenoreceptors

Answer 20

GPCRs

Question 21

What other neurotransmitters are found in the ANS

Answer 21

ATP, nitiric oxide

Question 22

What type of cells are found in the adrenal gland

Answer 22

Chromaffin cells

Question 23

What are chromaffin cells

Answer 23

Post ganglionic sympathetic neurones

Question 24

What do chromaffin cells secrete

Answer 24

Noradrenaline into the blood stream

Question 25

What type of receptors do chromaffin cells have to stimulate NA release

Answer 25

Nictonic ACh receptors

Question 26

What is the term for disorders of the ANS

Answer 26

Dysautonomia

Question 27

What are catecholamines disorders

Answer 27

Where cancer callers release NA and adrenaline constantly so your always Ina fight or flight state

Question 28

What type of muscarinic receptor is found on the heart

Answer 28

M2

Question 29

What does the activation of M2 receptors cause

Answer 29

Bradycardia

Question 30

What subsystem of the ANS do M2 receptors belong to.

Answer 30

Parasympathetic

Question 31

Where are M3 receptors found

Answer 31

Smooth muscle

Question 32

What results from activation of M3 receptors

Answer 32

Bronchial contraction, increased intestinal motility, bladder contraction

Question 33

What subsystem of the ANS are alpha and beta receptors part of

Answer 33

Sympathetic NS

Question 34

What type of sympathetic receptors are found int he heart

Answer 34

Beta 1

Question 35

What does activation of beta 1 receptors cause

Answer 35

Tachycardia and positive inotropy

Question 36

Where are alpha 1 receptors found

Answer 36

Smooth muscle

Question 37

What does activation of alpha 1 receptors cause

Answer 37

Arteriolar contraction, muscle contraction

Question 38

Where are beta 2 receptors found

Answer 38

Smooth muscle and lungs

Question 39

What does activation of beta 2 receptors cause

Answer 39

Bronchiole relaxation

Question 40

What enzyme catalysts acetyl choline synthesis

Answer 40

Choline acetyltransferase

Question 41

What enzyme catalysts acetylcholine degradation

Answer 41

Acetyl cholinesterase

Question 42

Where is choline obtained from

Answer 42

Diet

Question 43

Where does acetyl choline degradation occur

Answer 43

Outside the cell

Question 44

How many types of muscarinic receptors are there

Answer 44

5

Question 45

What is the ganglion blocking cholinergic drug, trimethaphan used for

Answer 45

To give controlled hypotension in surgery

Question 46

Give an example of a selective mAChR antagonist and its use

Answer 46

Tolterodine which is used to treat an overreactive bladder

Question 47

What mnemonic can be used to identify effects of overstimulation of the parasympathetic ns

Answer 47

SLUDGE

Question 48

What does SLUGDE stand for

Answer 48

Salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation . GI upset and emesis

Question 49

What are varicosities

Answer 49

Sites of calcium dependant noradrenaline release from branching post ganglionic sympathetic neurones

Question 50

Where is noradrenaline converted to adrenaline

Answer 50

Adrenal medulla

Question 51

Describe the synthesis of noradrenaline

Answer 51

Tyrosine -> DOPE -> Dopamine -> noradrenaline

Question 52

What termination method is uptake 1

Answer 52

We're noradrenaline is taken up by sodium symports in the pre synaptic membrane

Question 53

Which transporters have a higher affinity for NA; uptake 1 or 2

Answer 53

1

Question 54

Name an enzyme that can metabolise NA before it is taken into a vesicle

Answer 54

Monoamine oxidase

Question 55

What drug is used in asthma

Answer 55

Salbutamol

Question 56

What receptor is salbutamol selective for

Answer 56

Beta 2

Question 57

Is salbutamol and agonist or antagonist

Answer 57

Agonist

Question 58

What does salbutamol do

Answer 58

Reverse bronchoconstriction

Question 59

What side effects result form salbutamol

Answer 59

Positive inotropy as beta 2 receptors are found on the heart

Question 60

What do adrenoreceptors antagonists do

Answer 60

Treat cardiovascular diseases e.g hypertension