Automation Flashcards by Anti Gondu

Which automation tool is one of the oldest and is Agent Based?

Puppet

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Which automation tool follows the same model as Puppet?

Chef

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Which automation tool is written in Python and is a agentless?

Ansible

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Which automation tool is an open-source, Python-based software for event-driven IT automation?

Salt (Saltstack)

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Which three tools manage systems in a declarative manner, so that once you define the state, the target system should be in effect so that you do not have to worry about how it happens?

A. Puppet
B. Chef
C. Ansible
D. VIRL
E. SSH
F. Telnet

A. Puppet
B. Chef
C. Ansible

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What does SNMP use for a type of data model that defines a collection of information?

MIBs

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What does SNMP use to retrieve a MIB variable from the SNMP agent (a network device).

get-request

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What does SNMP use to set variables that are stored in the MIB

set-request

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What are the core components of the complete device API?

Data Models: These are the foundation of the API, defining the syntax and semantics, including the constraints, of working with the API.

Transport: The model-driven APIs support one or more transport methods, including SSH, TLS, and HTTP or HTTPS.

Encoding: The model-driven APIs support the choice of encoding, including XML and JSON, but also custom encodings such as Google Protocol Buffers.

Protocols: The model-driven APIs also support multiple protocol options. The three core protocols are NETCONF, RESTCONF, and gRPC. Remember, they are the core protocols that work with model-driven APIs. REST is not explicitly listed because when REST is used in a modeled device, it becomes RESTCONF.

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Which three of the following are the key attributes of next-generation programmatic interfaces? (Choose three.)

A. They must support different types of transport: HTTP and HTTPS, SSH, TLS.

B. They must be flexible and support different types of encoding formats such as TCL and Python.

C. They must support different types of transport: HTTPS, Telnet, TCP.

D. They must be extensible and open APIs: REST, RESTCONF, NETCONF, gRPC.

E. They must be flexible and support different types of encoding formats such as XML and JSON.

F. There must be extensible and open APIs: HTTP, HTTPS, SSH, Telnet

A. They must support different types of transport: HTTP and HTTPS, SSH, TLS.

D. They must be extensible and open APIs: REST, RESTCONF, NETCONF, gRPC.

E. They must be flexible and support different types of encoding formats such as XML and JSON.

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If you want to use an API to configure a Cisco router, what do you have to check that is supported on the API?

you have to check which data types are supported by that API

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What are three common data types supported by APIs?

YAML Ain’t Markup Language (YAML)

JavaScript Object Notation (JSON)

eXtensible Markup Language (XML)

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Which data-format is not as humanly readable as the other two formats

XML

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Which data-format is mostly used to interexchange highly structured data between applications (machine-to-machine communication) and used.in Java programming?

XML

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Which data-format serves as an alternative to XML because it is often smaller and easier to read. It is mostly used for transmitting data between a server and a web page?

JSON

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JSON is basically a subset of which data-format?

YAML

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Which data format is most beginner friendly?

YAML

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What is a way to represent a specific data format in textual form?

syntax

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Which data format is not a markup language is most humanly readable?

YAML

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What data format is this?

XML

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What data format is this?

JSON

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What data format is this?

YAML

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Which data format heavily uses whitespace indentations to define data structure?

YAML

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What is a data modeling language that describes what can be configured and monitored on a device, and the administrative actions that can be executed on a device?

Yet Another Next Generation (YANG)

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What type of data was YANG specifically built for?

network data

YANG was initially designed for NETCONF but now is also used by?

RESTCONF

What is a next-generation network management protocol that is designed specifically for transactional-based network management and to improve upon the weaknesses of SNMP?

NETCONF

What two types of data can NETCONF distinguish and retrieve?

Configuration and state data

What are the four core layers to the NETCONF protocol stack?

Protocols, Messages, Operations, & Content

What are the three NETCONF configuration data stores?

running, candidate, & startup

What is an interpreted scripting language?

Python

What is meant that Python is a interpreted language?

means it executes instructions directly without the need to compile the program first.

Which Python version is currently supported by Cisco NX-OS, has extensive libraries, and is still supported by the Python community, though it is no longer in development?

Python 2.x

Which Python version is currently under active development and is easier to learn?

Python 3.x

What are the two main ways to execute Python code?

Using a Python dynamic interpreter (shell) or writing Python scripts

To open the Python shell, what command would you enter in either a Linux terminal or from the command line of a Cisco Nexus switch?

python

What command returns the python built-in documentation about the object?

help ()

What python command returns the attributes (and methods) of the object or module?

dir ()

What python command returns the type of the object?

type()

What are the common python data types?

Strings, Numbers, Lists, Dictionaries, Booleans, Files

Which two statements about Python are correct? (Choose two.) A. To open the Python shell, enter the shell command in either an IOS terminal or from the command line of a Cisco WLC. B. Python is considered a static, proprietary language. C. The Python shell is used to write and test code in real time without having to write a full program or script. D. Python is considered a dynamic language. E. To open the Python shell, enter the regedit command in either an IOS terminal or from the command line of a Cisco WLC.

C. The Python shell is used to write and test code in real time without having to write a full program or script. D. Python is considered a dynamic language.

What NETCONF operation retrieves running configuration and device state information?

get

What NETCONF retrieves all or part of a specified configuration datastore?

get-config

What NETCONF operation loads all or part of a specified configuration to the specified target configuration datastore?

edit-config

What NETCONF operation creates or replaces an entire configuration datastore with the contents of another complete configuration datastore. The target datastore is replaced, if it exists?

copy-config

What NETCONF operation deletes a configuration datastore?

delete-config

Which NETCONF configuration datastore holds the configuration loaded by the device when it boots?

Startup

Which NETCONF configuration datastore holds the complete current configuration on the device?

Running

Which NETCONF configuration datastore provides a temporary workspace in which a copy of the device’s running configuration is stored?

Candidate

What two commands enable the NETCONF interface?

netconf ssh netconf-yang

Which NETCONF operation loads all or part of a specified configuration to the specified target configuration datastore? A. get B. get-config C. edit-config D. copy-config

edit-config

True or false: The candidate configuration datastore provides a temporary workspace for storing a device’s running configuration.

True. The candidate configuration datastore provides a temporary workspace in which a copy of a device’s running configuration is stored.

What is a protocol that provides a programmatic interface based on standard mechanisms used for accessing configuration data, state data, data-model-specific RPC operations, and events, as defined in the YANG model?

RESTCONF

RESTCONF is a specification that is similar to the NETCONF-YANG interface model. Whereas NETCONF-YANG uses an SSH model, while RESTCONF is based on what?

JSON and HTTP

What is an internal web server that acts as a proxy web server?

NGINX. While the nginx process does not need to be in a running state for NETCONF to function properly, it is required for RESTCONF.

What are the HTTP methods (CRUD) of RESTCONF?

GET PATCH PUT POST DELETE HEAD

What command enables the RESTCONF interface?

restconf

True or false: When a NETCONF client establishes a connection to a NETCONF server, it establishes an SSH connection.

True

What command is used for verifying that the processes for NETCONF and RESTCONF are running after configuration?

show platform software yang-management process

True or false: NETCONF uses an RPC-based mechanism to facilitate client/server communication.

True. NETCONF uses a simple RPC-based mechanism to facilitate communication between a client (that is, a centralized management platform script or application) and a server (that is, a network device).

True or false: RESTCONF is based on JSON and SSH.

False

What is a XML-encoded protocol that provides the transport needed to communicate the YANG-formatted configuration or operational data request from an application that runs on a centralized management platform to a network device?

NETCONF

NETCONF uses what to facilitate communication between a client (centralized management platform script or application) and a server (network device)?

Remote Procedure Call (RPC) with SSH

True or false: The candidate configuration datastore provides a temporary workspace for storing a device’s running configuration.

True

Which of the following are not NETCONF operations? (Select 3)

DELETE PUT

What is a Cisco-proprietary API?

OpenPK

Which API uses an imperative SDN model?

OpenFlow

Which API uses an delarative SDN model?

OpenFlex

What uses XML and and RPCs to configure network devices?

NETCONF

What does CRUD stand for? What does CRUD stand for? CREATE, RESTORE, UPDATE, DELETE CREATE, READ, UPDATE, DELETE CREATE, RETRIEVE, UPDATE, DELETE CREATE, RECEIVE, UPLOAD, DOWNLOAD CREATE, RECEIVE, UPLOAD, DELETE

CREATE, READ, UPDATE, DELETE

What is the HTTP status code for Unauthorized? 201 400 401 403 404

401

In Python, why would you use three quotation marks in a row? (Choose two.) To begin a multiple-line string To start a function To represent a logical OR To end a multiple-line string To call a reusable line of code

To begin a multiple-line string To end a multiple-line string

Which of the following are part of the YANG model? (Choose two.) Type Leaf Container String Method

Leaf Container

What is the HTTP status code for Bad Request?

400

What is the HTTP status code for Forbidden?

403

What is the HTTP status code for Not Found?

404

What is the HTTP status code for OK? (Using GET or POST to exchange data with an API)

200

What Python data type is defined as values and operators used in code? strings numbers lists dictionaries Booleans Files

Booleans

You have started a NETCONF SSH session from a client with an on-box NETCONF server. What is the next step after you see the initial hello message from the server? Re-establish the NETCONF SSH session. Say hello to the server and exchange the capabilities. Send RPCs to the NETCONF server. Discover the available schemas for the device.

Say hello to the server and exchange the capabilities.

What is the structure of YANG data modeling? network tree relational hierarchical

tree

Which orchestration tool was initially designed for divergent enterprise IT use cases, rather than automation for applications and cloud infrastructure? Puppet Chef Ansible Saltstack

Saltstack

How are new objects identified in JSON? They always begin and end with parentheses (). They always begin and end with square brackets []. They always begin and end with curly brackets {}. They always end with a comma.

They always begin and end with curly brackets {}.

Which two headers are located in the VXLAN overlay network segment? (Choose two.) UPD Outer IP Outer MAC Inner (Original) MAC Inner (Original) IP

Inner (Original) MAC and Inner (Original) IP. The Inner (Original) MAC and Inner (Original) IP Headers reside in the overlay network. The UPD, Outer IP, and Outer MAC Headers reside in the underlay network.

Sequences of character data are what type of Python data? Lists Numbers Files Booleans Strings Dictionaries

Strings

Which type of Python data are integers allowing for mathematical operation to be performed directly in code? Lists Numbers Files Booleans Strings Dictionaries

Numbers

Which type of Python data are containers used to store multiple data at the same time? Lists Numbers Files Booleans Strings Dictionaries

Lists

Which type of Python data use key value pairs to match keys to their value? Lists Numbers Files Booleans Strings Dictionaries

Dictionaries

Which type of Python data are values and operators used in code? Lists Numbers Files Booleans Strings Dictionaries

Booleans

What are objects used by Python? Lists Numbers Files Booleans Strings Dictionaries

Files

Which Ansible characteristic enables it to integrate and automate any device using any API? Agentless Agent-Based Both Agentless and Agent-Based Dynamic Agent-Based

Agentless

When using the Python Requests library, which two HTTP requests might result in overwriting interface attributes that are not defined in the message body? (Choose two.) APPEND GET PATCH POST PUT STORE

POST and PUT.

Which HTTP status code is returned as a result of sending a request in XML format to a server that only accepts JSON? 400 Bad Request 404 Not Found 415 Unsupported Media Type 501 Not Implemented

415 Unsupported Media Type

Which of these tools are agentless in operation? (Choose three.) Ansible Puppet Bolt SaltStack Chef Salt SSH

Ansible Puppet Bolt Salt SSH Puppet Bolt and Salt SSH are agentless versions of Puppet and SaltStack.

Which of the following are features of Ansible? (Choose two.) Manifests Modules Playbooks Tasks Recipes

Playbooks Tasks

Which of the following is a YAML example? { "user": "root", "user": "Jason", "user": "Jamie", "user": "Luke" } HR Employee record Employee1: Name: John Dough Title: Developer Nickname: Mr. DBug root Jason Jamie Luke [users[root|Jason|Jamie|Luke]]

HR Employee record Employee1: Name: John Dough Title: Developer Nickname: Mr. DBug

What is the proper command to execute a playbook using Ansible? ansible-playbook ConfigureInterface.yaml ansible ConfigureInterface.yaml play ansible-book ConfigureInterface.yaml play ansible-book ConfigureInterface.taml

ansible-playbook ConfigureInterface.yaml

What is the language associated with Chef? Python C++ Ruby Q-Basic Tcl

Ruby

When using the Cisco vManage Authentication API, what is the Headers Content-Type that is used? MD5 X-Auth-Token SSH x-www-form-urlencoded JSON

x-www-form-urlencoded

When using the Cisco DNA Center Token API, what authentication method is used? MD5 X-Auth-Token SSH Basic authentication JSON

Basic authentication

Which of the following are part of the YANG model? (Choose two.) Type Leaf Container String Method

Leaf Container