Automation Flashcards
Which automation tool is one of the oldest and is Agent Based?
Puppet
Which automation tool follows the same model as Puppet?
Chef
Which automation tool is written in Python and is a agentless?
Ansible
Which automation tool is an open-source, Python-based software for event-driven IT automation?
Salt (Saltstack)
Which three tools manage systems in a declarative manner, so that once you define the state, the target system should be in effect so that you do not have to worry about how it happens?
A. Puppet
B. Chef
C. Ansible
D. VIRL
E. SSH
F. Telnet
A. Puppet
B. Chef
C. Ansible
What does SNMP use for a type of data model that defines a collection of information?
MIBs
What does SNMP use to retrieve a MIB variable from the SNMP agent (a network device).
get-request
What does SNMP use to set variables that are stored in the MIB
set-request
What are the core components of the complete device API?
Data Models: These are the foundation of the API, defining the syntax and semantics, including the constraints, of working with the API.
Transport: The model-driven APIs support one or more transport methods, including SSH, TLS, and HTTP or HTTPS.
Encoding: The model-driven APIs support the choice of encoding, including XML and JSON, but also custom encodings such as Google Protocol Buffers.
Protocols: The model-driven APIs also support multiple protocol options. The three core protocols are NETCONF, RESTCONF, and gRPC. Remember, they are the core protocols that work with model-driven APIs. REST is not explicitly listed because when REST is used in a modeled device, it becomes RESTCONF.
Which three of the following are the key attributes of next-generation programmatic interfaces? (Choose three.)
A. They must support different types of transport: HTTP and HTTPS, SSH, TLS.
B. They must be flexible and support different types of encoding formats such as TCL and Python.
C. They must support different types of transport: HTTPS, Telnet, TCP.
D. They must be extensible and open APIs: REST, RESTCONF, NETCONF, gRPC.
E. They must be flexible and support different types of encoding formats such as XML and JSON.
F. There must be extensible and open APIs: HTTP, HTTPS, SSH, Telnet
A. They must support different types of transport: HTTP and HTTPS, SSH, TLS.
D. They must be extensible and open APIs: REST, RESTCONF, NETCONF, gRPC.
E. They must be flexible and support different types of encoding formats such as XML and JSON.
If you want to use an API to configure a Cisco router, what do you have to check that is supported on the API?
you have to check which data types are supported by that API
What are three common data types supported by APIs?
YAML Ain’t Markup Language (YAML)
JavaScript Object Notation (JSON)
eXtensible Markup Language (XML)
Which data-format is not as humanly readable as the other two formats
XML
Which data-format is mostly used to interexchange highly structured data between applications (machine-to-machine communication) and used.in Java programming?
XML
Which data-format serves as an alternative to XML because it is often smaller and easier to read. It is mostly used for transmitting data between a server and a web page?
JSON
JSON is basically a subset of which data-format?
YAML
Which data format is most beginner friendly?
YAML
What is a way to represent a specific data format in textual form?
syntax
Which data format is not a markup language is most humanly readable?
YAML
What data format is this?
XML
What data format is this?
JSON
What data format is this?
YAML
Which data format heavily uses whitespace indentations to define data structure?
YAML
What is a data modeling language that describes what can be configured and monitored on a device, and the administrative actions that can be executed on a device?
Yet Another Next Generation (YANG)
What type of data was YANG specifically built for?
network data
YANG was initially designed for NETCONF but now is also used by?
RESTCONF
What is a next-generation network management protocol that is designed specifically for transactional-based network management and to improve upon the weaknesses of SNMP?
NETCONF
What two types of data can NETCONF distinguish and retrieve?
Configuration and state data
What are the four core layers to the NETCONF protocol stack?
Protocols, Messages, Operations, & Content
What are the three NETCONF configuration data stores?
running, candidate, & startup
What is an interpreted scripting language?
Python
What is meant that Python is a interpreted language?
means it executes instructions directly without the need to compile the program first.
Which Python version is currently supported by Cisco NX-OS, has extensive libraries, and is still supported by the Python community, though it is no longer in development?
Python 2.x
Which Python version is currently under active development and is easier to learn?
Python 3.x
What are the two main ways to execute Python code?
Using a Python dynamic interpreter (shell) or writing Python scripts
To open the Python shell, what command would you enter in either a Linux terminal or from the command line of a Cisco Nexus switch?
python
What command returns the python built-in documentation about the object?
help ()
What python command returns the attributes (and methods) of the object or module?
dir ()
What python command returns the type of the object?
type()
What are the common python data types?
Strings, Numbers, Lists, Dictionaries, Booleans, Files
Which two statements about Python are correct? (Choose two.)
A. To open the Python shell, enter the shell command in either an IOS terminal or from the command line of a Cisco WLC.
B. Python is considered a static, proprietary language.
C. The Python shell is used to write and test code in real time without having to write a full program or script.
D. Python is considered a dynamic language.
E. To open the Python shell, enter the regedit command in either an IOS terminal or from the command line of a Cisco WLC.
C. The Python shell is used to write and test code in real time without having to write a full program or script.
D. Python is considered a dynamic language.
What NETCONF operation retrieves running configuration and device state information?
get
What NETCONF retrieves all or part of a specified configuration datastore?
get-config
What NETCONF operation loads all or part of a specified configuration to the specified target configuration datastore?
edit-config
What NETCONF operation creates or replaces an entire configuration datastore with the contents of another complete configuration datastore. The target datastore is replaced, if it exists?
copy-config
What NETCONF operation deletes a configuration datastore?
delete-config
Which NETCONF configuration datastore holds the configuration loaded by the device when it boots?
Startup
Which NETCONF configuration datastore holds the complete current configuration on the device?
Running
Which NETCONF configuration datastore provides a temporary workspace in which a copy of the device’s running configuration is stored?
Candidate
What two commands enable the NETCONF interface?
netconf ssh
netconf-yang
Which NETCONF operation loads all or part of a specified configuration to the specified target configuration datastore?
A. get
B. get-config
C. edit-config
D. copy-config
edit-config
True or false: The candidate configuration datastore provides a temporary workspace for storing a device’s running configuration.
True. The candidate configuration datastore provides a temporary workspace in which a copy of a device’s running configuration is stored.
What is a protocol that provides a programmatic interface based on standard mechanisms used for accessing configuration data, state data, data-model-specific RPC operations, and events, as defined in the YANG model?
RESTCONF
RESTCONF is a specification that is similar to the NETCONF-YANG interface model. Whereas NETCONF-YANG uses an SSH model, while RESTCONF is based on what?
JSON and HTTP
What is an internal web server that acts as a proxy web server?
NGINX. While the nginx process does not need to be in a running state for NETCONF to function properly, it is required for RESTCONF.
What are the HTTP methods (CRUD) of RESTCONF?
GET
PATCH
PUT
POST
DELETE
HEAD
What command enables the RESTCONF interface?
restconf
True or false: When a NETCONF client establishes a connection to a NETCONF server, it establishes an SSH connection.
True
What command is used for verifying that the processes for NETCONF and RESTCONF are running after configuration?
show platform software yang-management process
True or false: NETCONF uses an RPC-based mechanism to facilitate client/server communication.
True. NETCONF uses a simple RPC-based mechanism to facilitate communication between a client (that is, a centralized management platform script or application) and a server (that is, a network device).
True or false: RESTCONF is based on JSON and SSH.
False
What is a XML-encoded protocol that provides the transport needed to communicate the YANG-formatted configuration or operational data request from an application that runs on a centralized management platform to a network device?
NETCONF
NETCONF uses what to facilitate communication between a client (centralized management platform script or application) and a server (network device)?
Remote Procedure Call (RPC) with SSH
True or false: The candidate configuration datastore provides a temporary workspace for storing a device’s running configuration.
True
Which of the following are not NETCONF operations? (Select 3)
<put-config>
<edit-config>
DELETE
<get>
PUT
</get></edit-config></put-config>
<put-config>
DELETE
PUT
</put-config>
What is a Cisco-proprietary API?
OpenPK
Which API uses an imperative SDN model?
OpenFlow
Which API uses an delarative SDN model?
OpenFlex
What uses XML and and RPCs to configure network devices?
NETCONF
What does CRUD stand for?
What does CRUD stand for?
CREATE, RESTORE, UPDATE, DELETE
CREATE, READ, UPDATE, DELETE
CREATE, RETRIEVE, UPDATE, DELETE
CREATE, RECEIVE, UPLOAD, DOWNLOAD
CREATE, RECEIVE, UPLOAD, DELETE
CREATE, READ, UPDATE, DELETE
What is the HTTP status code for Unauthorized?
201
400
401
403
404
401
In Python, why would you use three quotation marks in a row? (Choose two.)
To begin a multiple-line string
To start a function
To represent a logical OR
To end a multiple-line string
To call a reusable line of code
To begin a multiple-line string
To end a multiple-line string
Which of the following are part of the YANG model? (Choose two.)
Type
Leaf
Container
String
Method
Leaf
Container
What is the HTTP status code for Bad Request?
400
What is the HTTP status code for Forbidden?
403
What is the HTTP status code for Not Found?
404
What is the HTTP status code for OK? (Using GET or POST to exchange data with an API)
200
What Python data type is defined as values and operators used in code?
strings
numbers
lists
dictionaries
Booleans
Files
Booleans
You have started a NETCONF SSH session from a client with an on-box NETCONF server. What is the next step after you see the initial hello message from the server?
Re-establish the NETCONF SSH session.
Say hello to the server and exchange the capabilities.
Send RPCs to the NETCONF server.
Discover the available schemas for the device.
Say hello to the server and exchange the capabilities.
What is the structure of YANG data modeling?
network
tree
relational
hierarchical
tree
Which orchestration tool was initially designed for divergent enterprise IT use cases, rather than automation for applications and cloud infrastructure?
Puppet
Chef
Ansible
Saltstack
Saltstack
How are new objects identified in JSON?
They always begin and end with parentheses ().
They always begin and end with square brackets [].
They always begin and end with curly brackets {}.
They always end with a comma.
They always begin and end with curly brackets {}.
Which two headers are located in the VXLAN overlay network segment? (Choose two.)
UPD
Outer IP
Outer MAC
Inner (Original) MAC
Inner (Original) IP
Inner (Original) MAC and Inner (Original) IP. The Inner (Original) MAC and Inner (Original) IP Headers reside in the overlay network. The UPD, Outer IP, and Outer MAC Headers reside in the underlay network.
Sequences of character data are what type of Python data?
Lists
Numbers
Files
Booleans
Strings
Dictionaries
Strings
Which type of Python data are integers allowing for mathematical operation to be performed directly in code?
Lists
Numbers
Files
Booleans
Strings
Dictionaries
Numbers
Which type of Python data are containers used to store multiple data at the same time?
Lists
Numbers
Files
Booleans
Strings
Dictionaries
Lists
Which type of Python data use key value pairs to match keys to their value?
Lists
Numbers
Files
Booleans
Strings
Dictionaries
Dictionaries
Which type of Python data are values and operators used in code?
Lists
Numbers
Files
Booleans
Strings
Dictionaries
Booleans
What are objects used by Python?
Lists
Numbers
Files
Booleans
Strings
Dictionaries
Files
Which Ansible characteristic enables it to integrate and automate any device using any API?
Agentless
Agent-Based
Both Agentless and Agent-Based
Dynamic Agent-Based
Agentless
When using the Python Requests library, which two HTTP requests might result in overwriting interface attributes that are not defined in the message body? (Choose two.)
APPEND
GET
PATCH
POST
PUT
STORE
POST and PUT.
Which HTTP status code is returned as a result of sending a request in XML format to a server that only accepts JSON?
400 Bad Request
404 Not Found
415 Unsupported Media Type
501 Not Implemented
415 Unsupported Media Type
Which of these tools are agentless in operation? (Choose three.)
Ansible
Puppet Bolt
SaltStack
Chef
Salt SSH
Ansible
Puppet Bolt
Salt SSH
Puppet Bolt and Salt SSH are agentless versions of Puppet and SaltStack.
Which of the following are features of Ansible? (Choose two.)
Manifests
Modules
Playbooks
Tasks
Recipes
Playbooks
Tasks
Which of the following is a YAML example?
{
“user”: “root”,
“user”: “Jason”,
“user”: “Jamie”,
“user”: “Luke”
}
HR Employee record
Employee1:
Name: John Dough
Title: Developer
Nickname: Mr. DBug
root
Jason
Jamie
Luke
[users[root|Jason|Jamie|Luke]]
HR Employee record
Employee1:
Name: John Dough
Title: Developer
Nickname: Mr. DBug
What is the proper command to execute a playbook using Ansible?
ansible-playbook ConfigureInterface.yaml
ansible ConfigureInterface.yaml
play ansible-book ConfigureInterface.yaml
play ansible-book ConfigureInterface.taml
ansible-playbook ConfigureInterface.yaml
What is the language associated with Chef?
Python
C++
Ruby
Q-Basic
Tcl
Ruby
When using the Cisco vManage Authentication API, what is the Headers Content-Type that is used?
MD5
X-Auth-Token
SSH
x-www-form-urlencoded
JSON
x-www-form-urlencoded
When using the Cisco DNA Center Token API, what authentication method is used?
MD5
X-Auth-Token
SSH
Basic authentication
JSON
Basic authentication
Which of the following are part of the YANG model? (Choose two.)
Type
Leaf
Container
String
Method
Leaf
Container
