Autoimmunity and Vasculitis Flashcards
What is autoimmunity?
A breakdown in the mechanisms that maintain ‘self-tolerance’. Leads to activation of self-reactive clones of T and B cells, and generation of autoantibodies and/or cell-mediated responses to self-antigens.
What can cause a positive ANA?
- Connective tissue diseases (SLE, mixed disease, Sjogren’s, systemic sclerosis)
- Autoimmune diseases (RA, thyroid disease)
- Chronic infectious disease (mononucleosis, hep C, bacterial endocarditis, TB)
- Some drugs (hydralazine, isoniazid, procainamide)
What would these antibodies being positive likely indicate?
IgA endomysial and IgA tTG
Coeliac disease
What would these antibodies being positive likely indicate?
Anti-gastric parietal cell Abs
Atrophic gastritis, pernicious anaemia
What would these antibodies being positive likely indicate?
Anti-intrinsic factor
Pernicious anaemia
What would these antibodies being positive likely indicate?
Anti-mitochondrial and anti-PDH(M2)
Primary biliary cirrhosis
What would these antibodies being positive likely indicate?
Anti-smooth muscle
Autoimmune hepatitis
What would these antibodies being positive likely indicate?
Anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM)
Goodpasture’s syndrome
What would these antibodies being positive likely indicate?
Anti-PR3 (c-ANCA)
Wegener’s granulomatosis and Churg-Strauss syndrome
What would these antibodies being positive likely indicate?
Anti-MPO (p-ANCA)
Microscopic polyangiitis, cresenteric glomerulonephritis, Churg-Strauss syndrome.
What would these antibodies being positive likely indicate?
Anti-cardiolipin
Anti-phospholipid syndrome
What would these antibodies being positive likely indicate?
Anti-skin
Autoimmune bullous skin disease (pemphigus and pemphigoid)
What would these antibodies being positive likely indicate?
Anti-adrenocortical
Addison’s
What would these antibodies being positive likely indicate?
Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP)
Rheumatoid arthritis
What would these antibodies being positive likely indicate?
Anti-Lo and anti-Ra
Sjogren’s syndrome
What is vasculitis?
- Blood vessel inflammation and necrosis causing ischaemia and organ damage.
- Multisystem involvement common, because inflammation can involve a number of vascular beds.
What are these conditions an example of?
Giant cell arteritis and Takayasu arteritis
Large vessel vasculitis
What are these conditions an example of?
Polyarteritis nodosa and Kawasaki disease
Medium vessel vasculitis
What are these conditions an example of?
Wegener’s granulomatosis, microscopic polyangiitis, Churg-Strauss syndrome, Henoch-Schoenlein purpura, and Cryoglobulinaemic vasculitis
Small vessel vasculitis
