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Immunology > Autoimmunity > Flashcards

Autoimmunity Flashcards

1
Q

Type II mediator

A

Antibodies

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2
Q

Type III mediator

A

antibodies

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3
Q

Type IV mediator

A

T cells

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4
Q

Type II self-targets

A

cell surface & EC matrix

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5
Q

Type III self-targets

A

immune complexes in tissues

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6
Q

This antibody does not mediate any autoimmune diseases

A

IgE

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7
Q

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia autoantigen

A

RBC surface antigen

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8
Q

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia antibodies involved

A

IgG and IgM

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9
Q

2 mechanisms of RBC destruction in autoimmune hemolytic anemia

A

Classical complement pathway; opsonization leading to FcR-mediated phagocytosis

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10
Q

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia type

A

II

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11
Q

What test is used to detect auto-immune antibodies in AHA

A

Direct Coomb’s

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12
Q

Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura defect

A

IgG prohibits vWF cleavage

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13
Q

Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura symptoms

A

Thrombocytopenia; bruising; neurological symptoms; microangioplastic hemolytic anemia

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14
Q

Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura treatment

A

Plasmapheresis with healthy plasma donor

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15
Q

Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura diagnosis

A

Observing microangioplastic hemolysis, low platelets, presence of schistocytes

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16
Q

Goodpasture’s syndrome defect

A

Autoantibody targets BM type IV collagen throughout the body, causing inflammation and especially problems in KIDNEY

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17
Q

Goodpasture’s treatment

A

Plasmaphoresis and anti-inflammatories

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18
Q

Schleroderma autoimmune type

A

II

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19
Q

Schlerodomera mech

A

Inflammatory destruction of endothelium and replacement with fibrous material

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20
Q

Schlerodomera symptoms

A

Skin thickening; hard, ivory-colored skin

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21
Q

Schlerodomera Dx

A

anti-nuclear Abs present; anti-topoisomerase Abs; anti-centromere Abs

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22
Q

Acute rheumatic fever autoimmune type

A

II

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23
Q

Acute rheumatic fever cause

A

Antibodies produced during bacterial infection (strep pyogenes), because some bacterial cell wall components are very similar to heart tissue proteins (‘molecular mimicry’)

24
Q

Pemphigus vulgaris cause

A

IgG targets desmoglein 1 and 3 -> no keratinocyte adhesion in epidermis

25
Q

Pemphigus vulgaris signs

A

painful chronic blistering

26
Q

Pemphigus vulgaris Dx

A

Punch biopsy lesion and IF stain for IgG4

27
Q

Pemphigus vulgaris treatment

A

Corticosteroids and anti-inflammatories; rituximab (CD20-specific mAB)

28
Q

What is rituximab

A

CD-20 specific mAb and B cell surface marker

29
Q

Grave’s disease cause

A

Antibodies act as TSH receptor agonist

30
Q

Grave’s disease symptoms

A

Bulging eyes, eye stare, heat intolerance, weight loss, nervousness, warm skin

31
Q

Grave’s disease mediating antibody

A

IgG

32
Q

Myasthenia gravis treatments

A

Anti-inflammatories; pyridogstigmine (ACE inhibitor)

33
Q

Subacute bacterial endocarditis cause

A

Inflammation due to antibodies binding to bacteria that colonized damaged heart valves - particularly probable if previously had heart damage (rheumatic fever etc)

34
Q

Patients are most likely to produce cryoglobulins as sequelae to this disorder type as well as this infection

A

Hep C; B cell disorders, e.g., multiple myeloma

35
Q

Mixed essential cryoglobulinemia presents with this triad of symptoms

A

“Meltzer’s” - purpura, arthralgia, myalgia

36
Q

Subacute bacterial endocarditis is this type of autoimune

A

III

37
Q

Mixed essential cryogobulinemia is this type of autoimune

A

III

38
Q

Systemic lupus is this type of autoimune

A

III

39
Q

Type 1 diabetes is this type of autoimune

A

IV

40
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis is this type of autoimune

A

IV

41
Q

MS is this type of autoimune

A

IV

42
Q

RA antibodies produced

A

IgG, IgM, IgA directed at the Fc region of antibodies

43
Q

anti-TNF antibody drug used in RA

A

infliximab

44
Q

infliximab

A

anti-TNF antibody drug used in RA

45
Q

Rituximab MOA

A

Anti-CD20 antibody that targets B cells for destruction by NK cells

46
Q

Sjogren’s syndrome symptoms

A

dry eyes, mouth, skin, nose, vagina

47
Q

Sjogren’s syndrome mechanism

A

Autoreactive T cells attack exocrine glands

48
Q

Sjogren’s Dx

A

Schirmer test (tears); ANA and rheumatoid factor tests

49
Q

MS mediator

A

Th1

50
Q

MS Tx

A

Immunosuppression; IFN-B1

51
Q

MS Dx test

A

oligoclonal bands of IgG in cerebrospinal fluid

52
Q

Immunologyically privileged sites

A

Eyes, testes, placenta/fetus

53
Q

Guillain Barre syndrome mechanism

A

demyelination from IgG self-targeting gangliosides in nerves

54
Q

Guillain Barre syndrome symptoms

A

Bilateral lower limb weakness that ascends rapidly to upper limbs and face; dyspnea & dysphagia

55
Q

Wegener’s granulomatosis

A

Autoantibody targets neutrophils, leading to activation and binding to endothelium, then degranulation that causes vasculitis

56
Q

Wegener’s granulomatosis symptoms and onset

A

1st sign usually rhinitis; also conjunctivitis, lung ilfiltrates, rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis

57
Q

Sjogren’s type

A

IV

Immunology (3 decks)

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