Autoimmunity Flashcards
Type II mediator
Antibodies
Type III mediator
antibodies
Type IV mediator
T cells
Type II self-targets
cell surface & EC matrix
Type III self-targets
immune complexes in tissues
This antibody does not mediate any autoimmune diseases
IgE
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia autoantigen
RBC surface antigen
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia antibodies involved
IgG and IgM
2 mechanisms of RBC destruction in autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Classical complement pathway; opsonization leading to FcR-mediated phagocytosis
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia type
II
What test is used to detect auto-immune antibodies in AHA
Direct Coomb’s
Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura defect
IgG prohibits vWF cleavage
Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura symptoms
Thrombocytopenia; bruising; neurological symptoms; microangioplastic hemolytic anemia
Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura treatment
Plasmapheresis with healthy plasma donor
Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura diagnosis
Observing microangioplastic hemolysis, low platelets, presence of schistocytes
Goodpasture’s syndrome defect
Autoantibody targets BM type IV collagen throughout the body, causing inflammation and especially problems in KIDNEY
Goodpasture’s treatment
Plasmaphoresis and anti-inflammatories
Schleroderma autoimmune type
II
Schlerodomera mech
Inflammatory destruction of endothelium and replacement with fibrous material
Schlerodomera symptoms
Skin thickening; hard, ivory-colored skin
Schlerodomera Dx
anti-nuclear Abs present; anti-topoisomerase Abs; anti-centromere Abs
Acute rheumatic fever autoimmune type
II
Acute rheumatic fever cause
Antibodies produced during bacterial infection (strep pyogenes), because some bacterial cell wall components are very similar to heart tissue proteins (‘molecular mimicry’)
Pemphigus vulgaris cause
IgG targets desmoglein 1 and 3 -> no keratinocyte adhesion in epidermis
Pemphigus vulgaris signs
painful chronic blistering
Pemphigus vulgaris Dx
Punch biopsy lesion and IF stain for IgG4
Pemphigus vulgaris treatment
Corticosteroids and anti-inflammatories; rituximab (CD20-specific mAB)
What is rituximab
CD-20 specific mAb and B cell surface marker
Grave’s disease cause
Antibodies act as TSH receptor agonist
Grave’s disease symptoms
Bulging eyes, eye stare, heat intolerance, weight loss, nervousness, warm skin
Grave’s disease mediating antibody
IgG
Myasthenia gravis treatments
Anti-inflammatories; pyridogstigmine (ACE inhibitor)
Subacute bacterial endocarditis cause
Inflammation due to antibodies binding to bacteria that colonized damaged heart valves - particularly probable if previously had heart damage (rheumatic fever etc)
Patients are most likely to produce cryoglobulins as sequelae to this disorder type as well as this infection
Hep C; B cell disorders, e.g., multiple myeloma
Mixed essential cryoglobulinemia presents with this triad of symptoms
“Meltzer’s” - purpura, arthralgia, myalgia
Subacute bacterial endocarditis is this type of autoimune
III
Mixed essential cryogobulinemia is this type of autoimune
III
Systemic lupus is this type of autoimune
III
Type 1 diabetes is this type of autoimune
IV
Rheumatoid arthritis is this type of autoimune
IV
MS is this type of autoimune
IV
RA antibodies produced
IgG, IgM, IgA directed at the Fc region of antibodies
anti-TNF antibody drug used in RA
infliximab
infliximab
anti-TNF antibody drug used in RA
Rituximab MOA
Anti-CD20 antibody that targets B cells for destruction by NK cells
Sjogren’s syndrome symptoms
dry eyes, mouth, skin, nose, vagina
Sjogren’s syndrome mechanism
Autoreactive T cells attack exocrine glands
Sjogren’s Dx
Schirmer test (tears); ANA and rheumatoid factor tests
MS mediator
Th1
MS Tx
Immunosuppression; IFN-B1
MS Dx test
oligoclonal bands of IgG in cerebrospinal fluid
Immunologyically privileged sites
Eyes, testes, placenta/fetus
Guillain Barre syndrome mechanism
demyelination from IgG self-targeting gangliosides in nerves
Guillain Barre syndrome symptoms
Bilateral lower limb weakness that ascends rapidly to upper limbs and face; dyspnea & dysphagia
Wegener’s granulomatosis
Autoantibody targets neutrophils, leading to activation and binding to endothelium, then degranulation that causes vasculitis
Wegener’s granulomatosis symptoms and onset
1st sign usually rhinitis; also conjunctivitis, lung ilfiltrates, rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis
Sjogren’s type
IV
