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Immunology and Serology - CEUMLS - C > AUTOIMMUNITY > Flashcards

AUTOIMMUNITY Flashcards

1
Q

It is characterized by the presence of an autoantibody to an antigen in the basement membranes of glomeruli and alveoli of the lungs.

A

good pasture syndrome

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2
Q

70% - 80% of patients carry the HLA-DRB1-15 antigen

A

good pasture syndrome

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3
Q

Treatment of Good Pasture Syndrome

A

corticosteroids - to stop inflammation
plasmapheresis
lifetime hemodialysis or kidney transplantation

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4
Q

an autoimmune disease that affects neuromuscular junction characterized by weakness and fatigability of skeletal muscles, causes antibody-mediated damage to acetylcholine receptors in skeletal muscles

A

myasthenia gravis (MG)

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5
Q

HLA haplotype, A1,B8, DR3 has strong association with _ while HLA antigens B7 & DR2 are more likely to appear in _

A

Early Onset MG; Late Onset MG

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6
Q

It is a radio-labeled snake venom used to detect antibodies to ACHR in radioimmunoprecipitation (RIPA)

A

a-bungaro-toxin

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7
Q

an autoimmune disorder involving inflammation and destruction of the CNS

A

Multiple Sclerosis

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8
Q

Multiple Sclerosis is most closely associated with the inheritance of this particular HLA molecule

A

HLA-DRB1*1501

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9
Q

these are the environmental factors that appear to be associated with multiple sclerosis

A
  • reduced exposure to sunlight
  • vitamin D deficiency
  • cigarette smoking
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10
Q

these are alleles associated with a higher risk of developing autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) or chronic active hepatitis

A

HLA-DRB1 & HLA-DQB1

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11
Q

What are the two types of Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH) that can be differentiated on the basis of its autoantibody specificity

A
  • AIH-1 - 2/3 of all AIH cases, F:M of 4:1
  • AIH 2 - seen mostly in children and has F:M ratio of 10:1
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12
Q

This is necessary to confirm the diagnosis of Autoimmune Hepatitis and to assess the extent of liver damage

A

liver biopsy

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13
Q

It has a W:M ratio of 10:1 and it is the most common autoimmune liver disease

A

primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC)

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14
Q

treatment for primary biliary cirrhosis

A

ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) , a bile acid that helps move bile through liver; liver transplant

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15
Q

An autoimmune disorder associated with an environmental trigger - dietary gluten

A

Celiac Disease

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16
Q

In lab diagnosis of celiac disease, it is a serological method of choice for initial testing which is ELISA based

A

tissue transglutaminase (tTG)

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17
Q

An autoimmune disease affecting small intestines and other organs, HLA-DQ2 (90-95%) or HLA-DQ8, W:M of 2-3:1

A

celiac disease

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18
Q

Type 1 Diabetes carries these HLA genes

A

HLA-DR3 and DR4 genes

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19
Q

an endocrine disorder characterized by hyperglycemia (a high level of glucose in the blood); characterized by a complete or nearly complete deficiency in insulin

A

Type 1 Diabetes

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20
Q

hyperglycemia does not become evident until ?

A

80% or more of the beta cells are destroyed

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21
Q

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is associated with the inheritance of these HLA antigens

A

HLA antigens DR3, DR4, DR5, and DQ7

22
Q

Graves dse is associated with this HLA antigen

A

HLA-DR3

23
Q

aka chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis; Japan, 1912; Dr. Hakaru Hashimoto, most common autoimmune disease, 8 in evey 1,000; W:M-5-10:1

A

Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

24
Q

autoantibodies that are produced against proteins that are present in the neutrophil granules

A

Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies

24
Q

strongly associated with three syndromes involving vascular inflammation WG, MPA, EGPA

A

Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies

25
Q

a rare autoimmune disease involving inflammation of the small- to medium-sized blood vessels, or vasculitis, mainly directed against the PR3 antigen

A

Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis (Wegener’s Granulomatosis)

26
Q

what is the antibody that is most often tested to aid in making the initial diagnosis of RA

A

Rheumatoid Factor (RF)

27
Q
  • affects about 0.5% to 1.0% of the adult population; age:25 and 55; W:M-3:1
  • can be characterized as a chronic, symmetric, and erosive arthritis of the peripheral joints that can also affect multiple organs such as the heart and the lungs
    ∟ HLA-DRB1 alleles or PTPN22 gene polymorphisms
    ∟ strongest environmental risk factor - cigarette smoking
A

Rheumatoid Arthritis

28
Q
  • associated with deep-vein and arterial thrombosis and with recurrent pregnancy loss
  • found in up to 60% of patients with lupus
  • can be identified by their ability to cause false-positive results in nontreponemal tests for syphilis
A

Antiphospholipid antibodies

29
Q

autoantibodies that are directed against antigens in the nuclei of mammalian cells

A

Anti-Nuclear Antibodies

30
Q
  • chronic systemic inflammatory disease
  • peak age of onset: 20-40 yo,
  • Women:Men – 9:1
  • 5 yr survival rate - 90% (today)

∟ genetic defects in genes coding for HLA-A1, B8, and DR3 — increases the chance of developing lupus

A

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

31
Q

Immune Response is targeted toward self-antigens resulting in organ and tissue damage

A

Autoimmune Disease

32
Q

ability of the immune system to accept self-antigens and not initiate a response against them

A

self-tolerance

33
Q

2 levels of Immunologic Tolerance

A

central & peripheral tolerance

34
Q

a state of immune unresponsiveness that is directed against a self-antigen

A

Immunologic Tolerance

35
Q

more prevalent among family members and among monozygotic (genetically identical) twins than dizygotic (non-identical) twins or siblings

A

Genetics

36
Q

Enumerate other Endogenous and Environmental Factors

A

hormonal influence, tissue trauma and release of cryptic antigens, microbial infections

37
Q

Enumerate 5 mechanisms of microbes

A

1) molecular mimicry
2) bystander effect
3) superantigens
4) Epigenetics and Modification of Self-Antigens
5) Interactions between factors

38
Q

Superantigens that can cause polyclonal activation of B cells

A

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV)

39
Q

the microorganism can induce a local inflammatory response that recruits leukocytes and stimulates APCs to release cytokines that nonspecifically activate T cells

A

Bystander Effect

40
Q

many bacterial or viral agents contain antigens that closely resemble the structure or amino acid sequence of self-antigens, give an example of a bacteria

A

molecular mimicry, S. pyogenes

41
Q

proteins produced by various microbes that have the ability to bind to both class II MHC molecules and TCRs, regardless of their antigen specificity

A

Superantigens

42
Q

refers to modifications in gene expression that are not caused by changes in the original DNA sequence

A

Epigenetics

43
Q

Triggered by exposure to environmental toxins, ingestion of harmful foods or drugs, or the aging process

A

Epigenetics and Modification of Self-Antigens

44
Q

citrullination of collagen

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis

45
Q

glycosylation of myelin

A

Multiple Sclerosis

46
Q

complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors may cause break in immunologic tolerance

A

Interactions Between Factors

47
Q

has genetic defects in genes coding for HLA-A1, B8, and DR3

A

SLE

48
Q

antibodies to endothelial cells

A

vasculitis

49
Q

can cross the placenta and have been associated with neonatal lupus

A

Antibodies to both SS-A/Ro and SS-B/La

Immunology and Serology - CEUMLS - C (1 decks)

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