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IMMUNO LEC > AUTOIMMUNITY > Flashcards

AUTOIMMUNITY Flashcards

1
Q

FACTORS INFLUENCING AUTOIMMUNITY

A

genectic, infectionand envtal exposure, immune regulation

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2
Q

2 tyoes of autoimmune dse

A

organ specific, non organ specific

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3
Q

Auto-antibodies to self-RBCs are formed
Maybe caused by drugs (cephalosporines, dapsone)

A

OS: AUTOIMMUNE HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA

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4
Q

other causes of AIHA

A

Warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia
~ Ab reactive to warm temperature (37°C)
~ IgG and complement coats the RBC

Cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia
~ Cold reactive IgM reacts with RBC (32°C)
~ AKA Cold Hemagglutinin Disease

Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria
~IgG protein reacts with RBC in colder parts of the
body producing complement component binding
~Ab: biphasic hemolysin (both temp cold:bind rbc, warm:lyse rbc)
~ipitin

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5
Q

A chronic disease resulting from the non-absorption of vitamin B12 w/c is essential for the development of RBC
inability to secrete intrinsic factor (carrier of vit B12 produced in the gastric cells, especially in the ileum) - si auto-Ab blocking intrinsic factor ang nakasakay

A

OS: PERNICIOUS ANEMIA

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6
Q

to whom is pernicious anemia common

A

late adult life

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7
Q

whats the basic abnormality of pernicious anemia

A

severe atrophic gastritis

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8
Q

diagnostic of PA

A

presence of IF blocking antibody

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9
Q

Autoantibodies to platelets bind to many of the
major platelet membrane glycoproteins (Platelet GPllb/ Illa and GPlb/IX)

A

OS: IDIOPATHIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA (IDP)

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10
Q

in presence of calcium will form a
complex; they bind to fibrinogen, essential for
platelet aggregation or sticking of platelets
forming platelet plug

A

GPIIb/IIIa

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11
Q

membrane receptor found in the
surface of the platelet; important in mediating
platelet adhesion and aggregation

A

GPIb/IX

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12
Q

classis symptoms of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

A

petechiae, bruising and
bleeding after minor trauma

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13
Q

Autoantibodies to certain antigens on the
membrane of kidney glomeruli and lung alveoli are
formed, inflammatory reax, may suffer pulmonary hemorrhage, kidney failure
anti-GBM disease

A

OS: GOODPASTEUR SYNDROME

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14
Q
  • Associated with HLA-DR4 and HLA-DR5 (parts of
    MHC class II)
  • Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis
  • Autoantibodies against many thyroid protein and
    T cells are formed
  • clinical picture: goiter, hypothyroidism, thyroid AB
A

OS: HASHIMOTO’S THYROIDITIS

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15
Q

Autoantibodies to thyroid stimulating hormone
(TSH) receptors bind to TSH receptors on thyroid
-Leads to overproduction of thyroid hormones
- May produce hyperthyroidism
- Causes Graves opthamopathy and Grave’s
dermopathy

A

OS: GRAVE’S DISEASE

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16
Q

Associated with HLA-DR3 / DR4, DQ2, and DQ8
A condition caused by autoimmune responses
against the beta cells in pancreas resulting in
destruction of beta cells
Self-reactive cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) against the
beta cells migrate to areas of beta cells in pancreas

A

OS: INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS (IDDM)

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17
Q

Occurs in the neuromuscular junctions
binding of autoantibodies (Ab to nicotinic/acetylcholine receptor)
to acetylcholine receptors on the muscle cells
- Leads to breakdown in the normal communication
between nerves and muscles
- Causes breakdown and fatigue of any muscle

A

OS: MYASTHENIA GRAVIS

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18
Q

HLA-DR3 associated
Most prevalent autoimmune disease in developed
countries
chronic systemic inflammatory disease
that can affect many organ systems such as the
skin, the joints, the kidneys, lungs and heart

A

NS: SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS

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19
Q

commonest autoantibody found in the serum
of SLE patients

A

autoantibody to double
stranded DNA (dsDNA) that may belong to IgG or IgM

20
Q

whom do SLE predominantly affects? m/f?

A

female

21
Q

other AB produced by SLE

A

anti-histones, anti-RBCs,
anti-platelets, and anti-clotting factors

22
Q

autoantibodies to
RBCs

A

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia

23
Q

autoantibodies to platelets

A

Thrombocytopenia and bleeding problems

24
Q

deposition of circulating immune
complexes in the blood vessels

A

vasculitis

25
Q

immune complexes deposited
in the glomerulus

A

Glomerulonephritis

26
Q

deposition of immune complexes in the
synovial membrane of the joints

A

Arthritis

27
Q

what does the inc amount of C3 and C4 in the blood means?

A

inc severity of SLE

28
Q

butterfly rush
- Not specific for Lupus/ not
pathologic of SLE
- Seen in 46-65 of SLE pt.
- Red or purplish and mild and scaly

A

malar rash

29
Q

lab diagnosis of SLE

A

LE cell, Antinuclear antibodies by
Fluorescence ANA-Indirect Immunofluorescence
~Ag: mouse liver/kidney cell
~+ green gold fluorescence

or Visible ANA
~Ag: Hep2 cells stained w/ DAB/ diaminobenzidine
~+darkbrown

30
Q

Associated with HLA-DR4
A chronic inflammatory disease primarily involving
the joints
The serum and synovial fluid contains rheumatoid
factor (IgM autoantibodies directed against the
antigenic determinants on the CH2 and CH3
domains in the Fc portion of IgG molecules)
~ RF = IgM (attacks) the IgG
- Rheumatoid factors are synthesized with in
lymphoid infiltrates

A

NS: RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

31
Q

in advanced cases of rheumatoid arthritis what can we see?

A

joint deformities

32
Q

what does invasive pannus consist?

A

macrophages, mast cells and fibroblasts

33
Q

Synovial fluid contains organized lymphoid tissues

A

(CD4 T cell, B cell and macrophages), inc neutrophil count in synovial fluid

34
Q

lab diagnosis or RA

A
  • Sheep cell agglutination test/ Rose-Waaler test
  • Latex fixation test (Singer and Plotz)
  • Sensitize alligator erythrocyte test (Cohen et al.)
  • Bentonite flocculation test (Bloch and Bunim)
    -RF Latex test
    + 80 titer or more
    weak + 20-40
    - no agglutn at 1:20
35
Q
  • An autoimmune disease of central nervous system
  • Involves auto reactive T cells that are implicated in
    the pathogenesis of the disease
    -Self-reactive T cells are present in the periphery of
    the host
  • Injuries may lead the brain exposed to self-reactive
    T cells
  • Self-reactive T cells become activated and attack
    the brain tissues
  • Infiltrates of T cells may cause destruction of
    myelin sheath
A

NS: MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

36
Q
  • A chronic, progressive, inflammatory disease of
    unknown etiology
  • The disease primarily affects the sacroiliac joints,
    vertebral joints, and large peripheral joints
  • Can cause some of the vertebrae in the spine to
    fuse
A

NS: ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS

37
Q

ankylosing spondylitis mainly affects m/f?

A

men

38
Q

area’s most commonly affected by ankylosing spondylitis

A

sacroiliac joint, vertebrae, entheses, cartilage

39
Q

what anti inflammatory drug can you use for rheumatoid arthritis

A

salicylates and ibuprofen

40
Q

if disease activity persists after 4-6 weeks of treatment, take DMARDS or disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs like

A

methotrexate,
hydroxychloroquine (also used for malaria),
sulfasalazine,
leflunomide, and
penicillamine

41
Q

agent for RA that halt inflammatory response and slow progression of joint erosion

A

corticosteroid (prednisone)

42
Q

specifically targets the CD20 antigen
on B cells
~ It reduces the B-cell population prevents further
antibody formation, and this has a modifying
effect on the disease

A

rituximab

43
Q

treatment for hasimotos disease

A

Thyroid hormone replacement
therapy

44
Q

treatment for graves dse

A

Radioactive iodine

45
Q

treatment of type 1 DM

A

insulin injection
inhibit immune response
Cyclosporin A, Azathioprine, and Prednisone

IMMUNO LEC (1 decks)

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