Autoimmune Diseases

Question 1

Myasthenia Gravis

Answer 1

AutoAbs to nicotinic Acetylcholine receptors,progressive weakening of skeletal muscles

Question 2

Graves Disease

Answer 2

Auto Abs to TSH receptor

hyperthyroidism–stimulates thyroid gland to make more thyroid hormone

weight loss, heat sensitivity, anxiety and irratibility

Question 3

Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia

Answer 3

Auto AB’s to RBC’s

RBC’s destroyed by complement mediated lysis or opsonization

Question 4

Thrombocytopenic purpura

Answer 4

Auto Abs to fibrinogen receptor on platelets

depletion of platelets results in hemorrhage

Question 5

Goodpasture’s syndrome

Answer 5

Auto Abs to basement membrane collagen

type II hypersensitivity,

smooth deposits of antibody in kidney & lung

Question 6

Systemic lupus Erythematosis

Answer 6

IgG Auto Abs to dsDNA and & ribonucleoproteins (sm–splicing ribonucleotides)
more common in women
10 x more common in African American descent

ANA test–anti-nuclear antibody detection. flourecesent

causes arthritis
malar rash (butterfly rash)
nephritis (inflammation of kidneys)
Inflammation of heart (myo/pericarditis)

Type III hypersensitivity

~Raynaud’s phenomenon– constriction of extremities due to vasospasms, turn blue/purple

discoid lupus–scar from rash

neonatal lupus– from mom, heart block and other things can happen but reversible

drug induced lupus– stops after treatment stopped

Question 7

Sjogren’s Syndrome

Answer 7

Auto Abs to Ro and La (splicing proteins), destroys lacrimal glands, gritty eyes.

Question 8

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Answer 8

Inflammation of the joint, TH1 T cells and Auto abs to type II collagen, and citrullinated proteins,

Rheumatoid Factor– antibody to antibody

Th1 cells activate b cells to produce autoantibodies to type 2 collage and citrullinated proteins (exacerbated in smokers)

PAD1 converts arginine to citrulline

HLADR4– good at presenting citrullinated proteins to T cells

Chronic inflammation and thickening of the synovium
inflammation spreads to the cartilage and erodes the bones

type 2 collagen*

more common in women than men, between the ages of 50-75

CD4, CD8, B Cells, neutrophils, macrophages all contribute to pathology and are present in synovial membrane

Question 9

Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

Answer 9

TH1 cells and auto abs to thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase
Dense infiltrate of plasma cells, macrophages and Th1 cells form germinal centers in thyroid–> architecture of thyroid destroyed
hypothyroidism–middle aged women

Question 10

Type I Diabetes

Answer 10

Destruction of beta islet cells of the pancreas by TH1 and CD8 T cells, DTH response to insulin and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)

molecular mimicry with GAD ~ B islet cells?

DR4/DQ2/DQ8

usually develops in children, can lead to coma and death

excessive thirst and urine production